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Board Review - C - Gastrointestinal > GI II > Flashcards

GI II Flashcards

1
Q

eosphageal varices

A

left gastric to esophageal

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2
Q

umbilical varices

A

paraumbilical to small epigastric

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3
Q

rectal varices

A

superior rectal to middle and inferior rectal

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4
Q

tx of varices

A

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

portal vein to hepatic vein

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5
Q

pectinate line

A

hindgut meets ectoderm

above - internal hemorrhoid(not pain), adenocarcinoma

  • supply - IMA
  • drain - inferior mesenteric vein to portal system

below - external hemorrhoid (pain), fissure, SCC

  • supply - inferior rectal artery
  • drain - inferior rectal v to pudendal v, to IVC
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6
Q

anal fissure

A

MC posterior

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7
Q

liver zones

A

1 - periportal - viral hepatitis and cocaine
2 - intermediate - yellow fever
3 - centrilobular - ischemia, P450, toxins, alcohol

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8
Q

zone 1 liver

A

portal triad

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9
Q

zone 3 liver

A

central vein

lowest O2

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10
Q

hepatocyte orientation

A

apical - bile canal

basolateral - sinusoid

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11
Q

head of pancreas tumor

A

obstruct common bile duct

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12
Q

ampulla of vater

A

drainage of common bile duct and pancreatic duct to duodenum

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13
Q

organization of femoral region

A 
nerve
artery
vein
empty space
lymphatics

NAVEL

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14
Q

femoral triangle

A

femoral vein, artery, and nerve

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15
Q

fascia of spermatic cord

A

external spermatic fascia - ext oblique
cremaster muscle and fascia - int oblique
internal spermatic fascia - transversalis fascia

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16
Q

diaphragm hernia

A

commonly left side

sliding - MC - GE junction displaced upward

paraesophageal - fundus into thorax

17
Q

hiatal hernia

A

stomach through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm

18
Q

indirect hernia

A

internal inguinal ring and external ring

lateral inferior epigastric artery

MC in males

19
Q

direct hernia

A

through transversalis fascia - hesselbach triangle
-through external ring only

medial inferior epigastric artery

older men

20
Q

femoral hernia

A

below inguinal ligament

through femoral canal

MC in females

21
Q

hessel bach triangle

A

inferior epigastric vessels
lateral border rectus abdominus
inguinal ligament

22
Q

gastrin

A

from G cells
-antrum of stomach and duodenum

stimulus - low pH and vagus
increased gastric H+ secretion and motility

23
Q

somatostatin

A

from D cells
-pancreatic islets and GI mucosa

stimulus - acid and vagus

decreased gastric acid secretion
decreased pancreas and small intestine secretion
decreased gallbladder contraction
decreased insulin and glucagon release

24
Q

octreotide

A

somatostatin analog

tx - acromegaly, insulinoma, carcinoid syndrome, variceal bleeding

25
Q

cholecystokinin

A

from I cells - duodenum, jejunum

increased pancreatic secretion
increased gallbladder contraction
decreased gastric emptying
sphincter of oddi relaxation

stimulus - fatty acid and AAA

26
Q

secretin

A

from S cells - duodenum

increased pancreatic bicarb secretion
decreased gastric acid secretion
increased bile secretion

stimulus - acid, fatty acids in duodenum

27
Q

GIP

A

from K cells of duudenum and jejunum

exocrine - decreased gastric H+ secretion
endocrine - increased insulin release

stimulus - fatty acid, AA, oral glucose

28
Q

motilin

A

from small intestine

produce migrating motor complexes

stimulus - fasting state

29
Q

erythromycin

A

motilin receptor agonist

-to stimulate intestinal peristalsis

30
Q

VIP

A

from PS ganglia - sphincters, gallbladder, small intestine

stimulate water and electrolyte secretion
relax intestinal smooth m and sphincters

stimulus - distention and vagal input

31
Q

VIPoma

A

non-a non-B islet cell pancreatic tumor
copious water diarrhea
hypoK
achlohydria

32
Q

intrinsic factor

A

parietal cell of stomach

bind B12 - for uptake in terminal ileum

33
Q

autoimmune desturction parietal cells

A

chronic gastritis and pernicious anemia

34
Q

gastric acid

A

from parietal cells of stomach

stimulus - histamine, ACh, gastrin

inhibited by - somatostatin, GIP, PG, secretin

35
Q

gatsrinoma

A

gatrin secreting tumor - high level of acid and ulcers

36
Q

pepsin

A

from chief cells of stomach

protein digestion

pepsinogen to pepsin - in acid

37
Q

HCO3

A

from mucosa cells - stomach, duodenum, salivary glands, pancreas, and brunner glands (duodenum)

neutralize acid

stimulus - pancreatic and biliary secretin

38
Q

gastrin regulation of acid secretion

A

through effect on ECL - enterochromaffin cells

histamine release occurs - direct effect on parietal cells

Board Review - C - Gastrointestinal (6 decks)

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