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GI Physiology > GI Hormones > Flashcards

GI Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrin

  1. Site of secretion?
  2. Stimuli for secretion?
  3. ACTIONS???
A 
Site of secretion: 
--G cells of the stomach
Stimuli for secretion: 
--Small peptides and amino acids, digestion ---of the stomach, vagal stimulations
ACTIONS: 
1. Increases Gastric H+ secretion
2. Stimulates growth of gastric mucosa
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2
Q

Cholecystokinin

  1. Site of secretion?
  2. Stimuli for secretion?
  3. ACTIONS???
A

Site of secretion:
– I cells of the duodenum and jejunum
Stimuli for secretion:
– Small peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, and monoglycerides (NOT triglycerides)
ACTIONS:
1. Increase pancreatic enzyme secretion
2. Increase pancreatic HCO3- secretion
3. Stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of oddi
4. Stimulates exocrine pancreas and gallbladder
5. Inhibit Gastric emptying

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3
Q

Secretin

  1. Site of secretion?
  2. Stimuli for secretion?
  3. ACTIONS???
A 
Site of secretion:
-- S cells of the duodenum
Stimuli for secretion:
-- H+ in the duodenum, fatty acids 
ACTIONS:
1. Increase Pancreatic HCO3- secretion
2. Increase Biliary HCO3- secretion
3. Decrease Gastric H+ secretion
4. Inhibits trophic effect of gastrin on gastric    mucosa
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4
Q

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP)

  1. Site of secretion?
  2. Stimuli for secretion?
  3. ACTIONS???
A 
Site of secretion: 
--K cells Duodenum and Jejunum
Stimuli for secretion:
--Fatty acids, amino acids, oral glucose
ACTIONS:
1. Increase Insulin secretion from Beta cells
2. Decrease Gastric H+ secretion
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5
Q

Gastrin coordinates to promote Hydrogen ion secretion by the gastic _________ cells.

A

Parietal

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6
Q

Gastrin cells are secreted by G cells in the ______ part of the stomach?

A

Antrum

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7
Q

The neurocrine released from vagal nerve endings onto the G cells is ___________?

A

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) or Bombesin

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8
Q

Gastrin secretion is inhibited by a ____ pH and by ______?

A

LOW pH and somatostatin

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9
Q

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a person who has a gastrin-secreting tumor. What secretion will be increase and what will happen to the gastric mucosa?

A

Hydrogen ion secretion goes up and the gastric mucosa with hypertrophy

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10
Q

A common sign that someone has Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is if the patient has ______ caused by the unrelenting secretion of Hydrogen ions.

A

Duodenal ulcers

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11
Q

The acidification of the intestinal lumen causes what enzyme to inactivate?

A

Pancreatic lipase (dietary fats will not be adequately digested or absorbed) —> Steatorrhea

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12
Q

Treatment of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome includes blocking of the H2 receptor and administration of inhibitors of the H+ pump. What two drugs are commonly used?

A

Cimetidine (H2-receptor blocker)

Omeprazole (H+ pump inhibitor)

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13
Q

Functions of CCK?

A

Promote fat digestion and absorption

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14
Q

Why is it important that secretin increases secretion of HCO3- from the pancreas and biliary?

A

Neutralizes the H+ in the lumen of the small intestine.

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15
Q

Neutralization of H+ is essential for fat digestion, pancreatic lipases that a pH optimum between ____ and ___?

A

pH 6 and 8

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16
Q

Secretin inhibits what?

A

The effects of gastrin on the parietal cells

17
Q

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP) is inhibits what?

A

Gastric H+ secretion

18
Q

Candidate Hormones?

A

Motilin
Pancreatic polypeptide
Enteroglucagon

19
Q

Motilin
Site of secretion?
Stimuli for secretion?
Actions?

A

Upper duodenum
During fasting states
Increase gastrointestinal motility and initiate interdigestive myoelectric complexes that occur at 90 minute intervals

20
Q

Pancreatic Polypeptide
Site of secretion?
Stimuli for secretion?
Actions?

A

Pancreas
Response to ingestion of carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids.
Inhibits secretion of HCO3- and enzymes

21
Q

Enteroglucagon
Site of secretion?
Stimuli for secretion?
Actions?

A

Intestinal cells
Response to decrease in blood glucose
Directs the liver to increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

22
Q

PARACRINES of GI??

A

Somatostatin and Histamine

23
Q

Somatostain
Site of secretion?
Stimuli for secretion?
Actions?

A

Secreted by D cells of gastrointestinal mucosa
In response to decreased luminal pH
Inhibits secretion of other GI hormones and inhibits gastric H+ secretion
**
— Don’t forget somatostatin is secreted by hypothalmus and by delta cells in pancreas

24
Q

Histamine
Site of secretion?
Stimuli for secretion?
Actions?

A

Secreted by endocrine-type cells of GI mucosa; in H+ secreting region of stomach
– Gastrin, ACh, and histamine stimulate H+ secretion by gastric parietal cells

GI Physiology (3 decks)

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