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GI > GI history and examination > Flashcards

GI history and examination Flashcards

1
Q

alarm features

A
  • persistent vomiting
  • dysphagia
  • fever
  • weight loss
  • GI bleeding
  • anaemia
  • painless, watery, high volume diarrhoea
  • nocturnal symptoms disturbing sleep
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2
Q

how can you confirm subjective assessment of weight loss?

A
  • ask about how clothes fit

- reviewing case records

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3
Q

cause of difficulty swallowing liquids

A

neuromuscular disorder

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4
Q

cause of difficulty swallowing solids?

A

oesophageal obstruction due to cancer, peptic stricture, achlasia

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5
Q

what should you ask about vomiting?

A

relation to meaks

associated symptoms such as abdo pain, weight loss and haematemesis

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6
Q

what is reflux like dyspepsia

A

heartburn predominant dyspepsia

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7
Q

ulcer like dyspepsia

A

epigastric pain relieved by food or antacids

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8
Q

dysmotility like dyspepsia

A

nausea, belching, bloating

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9
Q

risk factors for viral hepatitis

A
  • IV drugs use
  • tattoos
  • foreign travel
  • blood transfusion
  • too much SEX
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10
Q

what should you ask about haematemesis

A

recent ingestion of aspirin, NSAIDs and alcohol

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11
Q

what medical condition is primary biliary cirrhosis and auto-immune hepatitis associated with?

A

thyroid disease

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12
Q

what medical condition is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with?

A

diabetes

obesity

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13
Q

IBD is more common in patients with a family history of what?

A

crohns

UC

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14
Q

what are smokers at an increased risk of?

A
  • oesophageal cancer
  • colorectal cancer
  • crohns
  • peptic ulcer
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15
Q

signs associated with chronic liver disease?

A
  • palmar erythema
  • spider naevi (5 normal)
  • gynaecomastia
  • loss of body hair
  • testicular atrophy
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16
Q

what is finger clubbing associated with?

A

liver cirrhosis
IBD
malabsorption syndromes

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17
Q

signs of liver failure

A

asterisks

fetor hepaticus

18
Q

what is fetter hepaticus

A

-mousy odour on the breath

19
Q

what is dupytrens contracture?

A

linked with alcohol-related chronic liver disease

20
Q

what happens to the organs during inspiration?

A

liver, spleen and kidneys move downwards

21
Q

what do abnormally prominent veins on the abdo wall suggest?

A

portal hypertension

vena caval obstruction

22
Q

how can you make an incisional hernia more obvious

A

patient raises the head off the bed or coughs

23
Q

what can a pulsatile mass indicate?

A
  • normal aortic pulsation
  • gastric or pancreatic tumour transmitting underlying aortic pulsation
  • AAA
24
Q

causes of epigastric mass

A
  • gastric cancer
  • pancreatic cancer
  • aortic aneurysm
25
Q

causes of generalised distention

A
  • fat (obesity)
  • fluid (ascites)
  • flatus (obstruction)
  • faeces (constipation)
  • fetus (pregnancy)
26
Q

causes of right iliac fossa mass

A
  • caecal cancer
  • crohns
  • appendix
27
Q

what does a patient with right upper quadrant pain and a positive Murphy’s sign suggest?

A

acute cholecystitis

28
Q

what is a palpable gallbladder likely to be in a patient with jaundice?

A

extra-hepatic obstruction

29
Q

causes of splenomegaly

A
  • leukaemias
  • portal hypertension
  • infection (glandular fever)
  • RA (Gettysburg syndrome)
30
Q

what is ascites?

A

accumulation of intraperitoneal fluid

31
Q

causes of ascites?

A
  • intra-abdominal malignancy
  • chronic liver disease
  • severe heart failure
  • nephrotic syndrome
32
Q

what does the absence of bowel sounds imply?

A
  • paralytic ileus

- peritonitis

33
Q

what does an indirect inguinal hernia do?

A

bulges through the internal ring and follows the course of the inguinal canal

34
Q

where does a direct inguinal hernia form?

A

site of muscle weakness in the posterior wall of the inguinal cancal

35
Q

where does. femoral hernia project?

A

through the femoral ring and into the femoral canal

36
Q

what are haemorrhoids?

A

congested venous plexuses around the anal canal

37
Q

what is Grey Turners sign?

A

bruising over the flanks

38
Q

what is Cullens sign?

A

bruising around the umbilicus

39
Q

what is Grey Turners sign?

A

bruising over the flanks

40
Q

what is Cullens sign?

A

bruising around the umbilicus

GI (15 decks)

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