bleeding Flashcards

1
Q

what is haematemesis?

A

vomiting blood

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2
Q

what is the difference between red and brown blood?

A

red: fresh blood
brown: degraded by gastric Pepsin, resembles coffee grounds

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3
Q

what is melaena?

A

passage of tarry, shiny black stools with a characteristic odour and results from upper GI bleeding

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4
Q

common causes of upper GI bleeding?

A
  • ulcer
  • oesophageal tear
  • oesophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis
  • cancer
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5
Q

what is the criteria used to predict the risk of mortality in patients with upper GI bleeding?

A

Rockall score

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6
Q

what does fresh rectal bleeding indicate?

A

disorder in the anal canal, rectum or colon

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7
Q

causes of rectal bleeding?

A
  • haemarrhoids
  • anal fissure
  • colorectal polyps
  • colorectal cancer
  • IBD
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