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Kaplan: GI system > GI Histology > Flashcards

GI Histology Flashcards

layers of GI tract; histology of specific regions

1
Q

define submucosal plexus

A

collection of ganglia, interneurons of ENS responsible for regulating epithelial fxn & circular smooth muscle fxn

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2
Q

define myenteric plexus

A

collection of ganglia, interneurons of ENS responsible for regulating longitudinal & circular smooth muscle fxn

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3
Q

Name the layers of digestive tract from superficial to deep

A

serosa => muscularis externa => submucosa => mucosa

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa

A

epithelium;
lamina propria;
muscularis mucosa

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5
Q

what is unique about the esophageal muscle?

A

1st 1/3 is skeletal;
2nd 1/3 is mixed skeletal and smooth;
3rd 1/3 is smooth

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6
Q

for the stomach, what is unique about the layers of the digestive tract?

A

stomach smooth muscle contains oblique layer bw submucosa & circular layer of smooth muscle

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7
Q

what are the major histo characteristics of the esophagus?

A 
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium;
skeletal muscle in muscularis externa (upper 1/3);
smooth muscle (lower 1/3)
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8
Q

major histo characteristics of stomach (body and fundus)

A

Rugae=> shallow pits; deep glands

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9
Q

major histo characteristics of pylorus

A

deep pits; shallow branched glands

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10
Q

major histo characteristics of small intestine

A

villi, plicae, crypts

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11
Q

major histo characteristics of duodenum

A

Brunner glands

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12
Q

action of the brunner glands of duodenum

A

discharge alkaline secretion

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13
Q

major histo characteristics of jejunum

A

villi;
well developed plica;
crypts

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14
Q

major histo characteristics of ileum

A

Payer patches=> aggregations of lymph nodules

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15
Q

major histo characteristics of large intestine

A

lacks villi; crypts

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16
Q

mucosal cell types at surface of body and fundus of stomach

A

mucous cells;
chief cells;
parietal cells;
enteroendocrine (EE) cells

17
Q

function of mucous cells

A

secrete mucus; form protective layer against acid;

tight jxns bw cells contribute to acid barrier of epithelium

18
Q

functions of Chief cells

A

secrete pepsinogen and lipase precursor

19
Q

function of parietal cells

A

secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

20
Q

function of EE cells in body and fundus of stomach

A

secrete variety of peptide hormones

21
Q

mucosal cell types at surface of pylorus

A

mucous cells;
parietal cells
EE cells

22
Q

function of EE cells in pylorus

A

high concentration of gastrin

23
Q

mucosal cells types of small intestine at the surface

A

columnar absorptive cells

24
Q

mucosal cells types of duodenum at the surface

A

goblet cells;
paneth cells;
EE cells

25
Q

mucosal cells types of jejunum at the surface

A

goblet cells;
paneth cells;
EE cells

26
Q

mucosal cells types of ileum at the surface

A

M cells found over lymphatic nodules and payer patches

27
Q

mucosal cells types of large intestine at the surface

A

mainly mucus secreting and absorptive cells

28
Q

functions of columnar absorptive cells

A

contain numerous microvilli that greatly increase luminal surface area, facilitating absorption

29
Q

functions of Goblet cells

A

secrete acid glycoproteins that protect mucosal linings

30
Q

functions of paneth cells

A

contains granules that contain lysozyme=> may help regulate intestinal flora

31
Q

functions of EE cells of duodenum and jejunum of small intestine

A

high concentration of cells that secrete cholecystokinin and secretin

32
Q

functions of M cells

A

endocytose and transport antigen from lumen to lymphoid cells

33
Q

functions of mucus secreting and absorptive cells of large intestine

A

transports Na+ (actively) and water (passively) out of lumen

Kaplan: GI system (11 decks)

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