GI Exam Review

Question 1

What structure can be visualized in a sagittal scan plane, posterior to the left lobe of the liver, anterior to the aorta?

Answer 1

Gastroesophageal junction

GEJ

Question 2

This 4 functions of the GI tract

Answer 2

1. Digestion
2. Wast
3. Hormone production
4. Nutrition absorbtion

Question 3

3 hormones secreted by GI system

Answer 3

CCK, Gastrin, and secretin

Question 4

The GEJ has what appearance?

Answer 4

Round target shaped with peristalsis

Question 5

List the levels/ parts of the stomach in order from most superior to most inferior.

Answer 5

1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Atrium
4. Pylorus
5. Pyloric sphincter

Question 6

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 6

The structure that allows food to pass from the antrum of the stomach into the duodenum

Question 7

What is the normal measurement range for the Bowel thickness?

Answer 7

3-5mm

Question 8

Bowel has how many layers?

Answer 8

5

Rings alternate from hyperechoic to hypoechoic

Question 9

Small bowel

Answer 9

Duodenum
Jujunum
Ileum

Question 10

Large Bowel

Answer 10

Cecum, Appendix

Hepatic and splenic flexures; ascending, transverse, descending, colon, sigmoid, and rectum

Question 11

Blood supply comes from…….

Answer 11

…..SMA, IMA, Branches of celiac access (GDA)

Question 12

Helpful lab values

Answer 12

• Hemocult test- blood in stool
• Hematocrit – loss of blood
• WBC – detection of inflammatory processes

Question 13

Tricks

Answer 13

• Look for Peristalsis
• Have patient drink through straw
• Barium enema
• Look for hyperechoic/ hypoechoic alternating rings

Question 14

Abnormal anatomy

Answer 14

• Lymphoma > Thickened walls
• Gastric cancer > Pathology may create “target or pseudokidney”
• Metastatic disease > Distended & filled with fluid

Question 15

Duplication cyst

Answer 15

Located in the wall of anywhere in GI tract

Question 16

The following types of Bezoar’s are made of what?
o Phytobezoar
o Trichobezoar
o Lactobezoar

Answer 16

o Phytobezoar – Fruit and vegetable
o Trichobezoar- Hair
o Lactobezoar- Milk byproducts

Question 17

Gastritis

Answer 17

Wall >5mm

Question 18

Signs of Appendicitis

Answer 18

^ WBC, RLQ pain with rebound at McBurnet’s point

Question 19

Signs of diverticulitis

Answer 19

LLQ pain, ^WBC, Fever

Question 20

Lymphoma

Answer 20

Large and slightly echogenic to hypoechoic mass, thinking of the gastric walls

Question 21

Leomyomas

Answer 21

Solid mass usually small hypoechoic and continuous with the muscular layer