GI, ENT, Eyes Flashcards
1
Q
BACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS (GI):
organismsfrom the IMPT TABLE (1 row 4 friends + meme heh) + mode of transmission + test
A
- Salmonella species
(S enteriditis -commonest): food - Salmonella typhi (‘typhoid fever’), Salmonella paratyphi:
- Water-borne
- Person to person (ingestion of food & water contaminated by faeces / urine of patients or carriers – hence we check for stool clearance) - Shigella species: person to person
- Vibrio species: Food (raw seafood / sushi)
- Campylobacter jejuni: food (chicken)
1-5 test by: Stool for Culture and sensitivity. turnaround 24 to 48h. no microscopy
- Clostridium difficile:
- Antibiotic exposure –> person to person
- Contaminated hospital environment
- Test: Stool for C diff toxin. no mcs
2
Q
VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS (GI): what virus + mode of transmission (3)
A
- Norovirus: Contaminated food (Shellfish) / water ->
human -> rapid human to human via faecal
oral or even formites/surfaces - Rotavirus: person to person
- Adenovirus: person to person
Test: Stool for EIA (enzyme immunoassay; sensitivity?) or PCR (polymerase chain reaction; microscopy?). no culture.
3
Q
PHARYNGITIS (ENT): Pathogens (2)
A
- Viruses: Self-limiting
- Group A Streptococcus
* Must treat with antibitoics to prevent complication (see
IMPORTANT below)
* Beware of tonsillar abscess – antibiotics and / or drainage
required
IMPORTANT :
* Complications following Group A Strep infection –
rheumatic fever /rheumatic heart disease, glomerulonephritis
* Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent rheumatic fever?
4
Q
parasitic gastroenteritis testing
A
Stool for ‘microscopy OCP (OCP stands for Ova, Cysts & Parasites)’
If liver abscess is suspected with Entamoeba
histolytica, send blood sample for :
E histolytica antibody test
5
Q
Common eye infections (2): Definition and cause
A
- conjunctivitis (red eye):
- viral
* Common in children (nursery)
* Can be highly contagious if bacterial
(hand touching eye -> touching another
person) - keratitis (infection of cornea): bacterial,
