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GI First half > GI embryology > Flashcards

GI embryology Flashcards

1
Q

foregut, midgut and hindgut divisions

A

foregut - pharynx to duodenum
midgut - duodenum to proximal 2/3 colon
hindgut - distal 1/3 colon to anal canal

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2
Q

foregut rotation

A

90 degrees clockwise

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3
Q

failure of lateral fold closure causes

A

gastroschisis or amphalocele

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4
Q

duodenal atresia due to…

A

failure to recanalize (trisomy 21)

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5
Q

jejunal, ileal, or colon atresia due to

A

vascular accident

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6
Q

midgut development

A

6th week it herniates through the umbilical ring
10th week returns to abd cavity and rotates around the SMA
=270 degree couterclockwise turn (view from below)
90 during herniation and 180 as it goes back

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7
Q

gastroschisis

A

extrusion of abd contents through abd folds NOT covered by peritoneum

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8
Q

omphalocele

A

persistence of herniation into umbilical cord; IS sealed by peritoneum (not incontact with amniotic fluid)

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9
Q

EA with distal TEF

A

drooling, choking and vomiting with first feeding
TEF allows air to enter stomach visible on CXR
cannot pass a nasogastric tube into stomach!

presents with polyhydramnios

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10
Q

isolated EA CXR

A

CXR shows gassless abdomen

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11
Q

congential pyloric stenosis

A

hypertrophy of pylorus causes obstruction

palpable olive mass in epigastric region and nonbilious projectile vomiting at 2-6 weeks old

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12
Q

achalasia

A

failure of LES to relax

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13
Q

oligohydramnios vs poly hydramnios

A

oligo - too little amniotic fluid, decreased volume

poly - too much; fetus isnt swallowing

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14
Q

in pharyngeal gut, lining is derived from?

cartilage, muscles, and nerves from?

A

endoderm

pharyngeal arches

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15
Q

in for, mid, and hind guts,
epithelial lining is from?
muscles and CT from?
enteric nervous system from?

A

endoderm
splanchic mesoderm
neural crest

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16
Q

gut tube is suspended by

A

dorsal mesentery

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17
Q

midgut is temporarily connected to yolk sac by____

A

vitelline duct

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18
Q

what factor regulates epithelial-mesenchyme interactions?

A

SHH (sonic hedgehog)

19
Q

SHH induces the creation of

A

HOX which diactates the head to tail regions

20
Q

branches of aorta to supply
foregut
midgut
hind gut

A 
fg = celiac
mg = Superior mesenteric
hg = inferior mesenteric
21
Q

foregut boundaries

A

oropharyngeal membrane to the respiratory diverticulum

22
Q

LARP

A

stomach development

left anterior, right posterior

23
Q

development of stomach curvatures

A

dorsal side grows faster –> lesser and greater curvatures

LARP

24
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A 
SAD PUCKER
supra adrenal glands
aorta/ivc
duodenum (2nd and 3rd)
pancreas (except tail)
ureters
colon (ascending and descencing)
kidneys
esophagus 
rectum
25
Q

allantois

A

During the third week of development, the allantois protrudes into the area of the urogenital sinus. Between the 5th and 7th week of development, the allantois will become the urachus, a duct between the bladder and the yolk sac. A patent allantois can result in urachal cyst.

26
Q

improper fixation of mesentery –>

A

volvulus

27
Q

fecal discharge at umbilicus is due to

A

vitelline fistula

meckels diverticulum does not connect with outside; blunt outpouch that is connected to umbilicus internally

28
Q

hirschsprungs disease

A

aganglionic megacolon
absence of enteric ganglia in bowel wall due to defect in neural crest migration
causes megacolon, constipation and obstruction

29
Q 
anal canal differences above and below pectinate line
origin?
innervation?
arterial supply?
venous?
lymph?
A

above: hindgut endoderm, autonomic visceral nerves, inf mesenteric artery, portal vein, internal iliac lymph nodes
below: proctodeum ectoderm, pudendal nerve/somatics (sensitive to stimuli), internal pudendal artery, caval venous system, superficial inguinal lymph nodes

30
Q

liver pancreas and gallbladder are belong to?

A

foregut

31
Q

midgut remains connected to ____ by the _____

A

yolk sac

vitelline duct

32
Q

septum transversum

A

becomes the diaphragm so we have division of thorax upper and abd cavity lower

33
Q

liver growth

A

FAST compared to the lung which isnt used as fetus

liver is the largest organ during development

34
Q

pancreas development

A

ventral and dorsal combine into one

two ducts form the ampulla vader (main pancreatic duct + common bile duct)

35
Q

common bile duct is formed by

A

common hepatic duct and cystic duct

36
Q

circulation through liver lobule

A

portal vein drains GI tract
low oxy blood flows from portal vein through zone 1 –>2 –>3 –> then drains out center vein
***Zone 3 = area of necrosis = area of lowest oxygen

-only 2 cells in thickness so absorption can occur!

37
Q

obliterated bile duct causes

A

distended hepatic duct; bile cant get to duodenum

38
Q

agenesis of gallbladder

A

usually not a problem because bile can drain directly into duodenum

39
Q

pulmonary hypoplasia

A

incomplete development of lung causing diminished size or lack of acini
associated with diaphragmatic hernia (less room for development)
or renal dysplasia (pushes up diaphragm–> pressure on lungs)

40
Q

neonatal cholestasis

A

bile cannot flow into duodenum

41
Q

biliary atresia

A

lack of lumen in extrahepatic biliary tract; causes cholestasis in kids
hepatic and bile duct obstruction

42
Q

ARPKLD

A

AR polycystic kidney and liver disease
most severe is perinatal type (stillborn or death by 6wks with huge symmetrical renal masses)

neonatal and juvenile type –> liver fibrosis and cystic changes in liver and kidneys

43
Q

ventral pancreatic bud becomes

A

uncinate process, pancreatic head and main pancreatic duct

GI First half (8 decks)

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