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GI First half > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

portal triad is within the

A

(proper hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct) hepatoduodenal ligament

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2
Q

gastrohepatic ligament is inside the

A

lesser omentum

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3
Q

falciform ligaments connects

A

liver to the anterior abd wall

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4
Q

gastrohepatic ligament connects

A

liver to lesser curvature of stomach; contains gastric arteries may be cut to access lower sac

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5
Q

gastrosplenic ligament

A

connects greater curvature to spleen; contains short gastrics and left gastroepiploics;

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6
Q

what separates greater and lesser sacs on the left?

A

gastrosplenic ligament

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7
Q

splenorenal ligament

A

connects spleen to posterior abd wall; contains splenic vessels

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8
Q

to control bleeding in portal triad, you can compress the..

A

hepatoduodenal ligament (pringle maneuver)

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9
Q

layers of gut wall from inside to outside

A

MSMS mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa) submucosa (includes submucosal plexus = meissners) muscularis externa (includes myenteric plexus = auerbachs plexus) serosa (when intraperitoneal)/adventitia (when retro)

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10
Q

muscularis externa has two layers –>

A

inner circular layer outer longitudinal layer

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11
Q

plicae circularis are where?

A

jejenum and proximal ileum

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12
Q

peyers patches are where?

A

ileum

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13
Q

largest number of goblet cells in small intestine?

A

ileum

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14
Q

colon has _____ but no ____

A

crypts of lieberkuhn; villi

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15
Q

SMA syndrome

A

transverse (3rd) part of duodenum gets trapped between SMA and aorta –> causes intestinal obstruction

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16
Q
A

top to bottom middle three: celiac trunk (t12), SMA (L1), IMA (L3)

right : right renal a, right gonadal a

left: left inferior phrenic a, left middle suprarenal a, left gonadal a, left common iliac –> int and ext iliac a
bottom: mediac sacral a

bifurcation at L4

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17
Q

foregut artery and parasympathetic innervation

A

celiac

vagus

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18
Q

midgut artery and innervation

A

SMA and vagus

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19
Q

hindgut artery and innervation

A

IMA and pelvic nerve

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20
Q

branches of celiac trunk

A

common hepatic, splenic and left gastric

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21
Q

signs of portal HTN

A

varices of gut, butt, caput (esophagus, umbilicus, and rectum)

left gastric –> esophageal

paraumbilical –> epigastric veins of anterior abd wall (caput medusae)

superior rectal –> middle and inferior rectal (anorectal varices - NOT internal hemorrhoids)

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22
Q

hiatal hernia

A

stomach herniates up through esophageal hiatus in diaphragm

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23
Q

indirect inguinal hernia

A

through internal inguinal ring

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24
Q

direct inguinal hernia

A

through inguinal triangle

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25
Q

where are the stem cells of GI tract?

stomach vs intestines?

A

intestinal crypts

higher in the stomach vs in the pit of the gland of intestines

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26
Q

secretory cell that is secreting hormones to influence GI function

A

enteroendocrine cell

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27
Q

enteroendocrine cells are sensitive to? secrete out which side?

A

sensitive to luminal contents

secrete out basal side

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28
Q

secretory cell involved in host defense?

A

paneth cell

29
Q

paneth cell

A

secretory cell involved in host defense located close to the lumen where pathogens are located

30
Q

intrinsic innervation of the GI tract?

A

enteric nervous system

31
Q

mucous vs serous glands?

A

M - pale, basal nucleus, secrete glycosylated mucins apically

S - secretes darker material (proteases)

32
Q

teeth development

A

ameloblasts (from ectoderm) –> enamel

odontoblasts (from mesenchyme via neural crest) –> dentin

33
Q

ameloblasts make

A

enamel

34
Q

odontoblasts make

A

dentin

35
Q

dentin

A

made by odontoblasts

alive - has cells and nerves in it –> can produce pain

(IN A root canal, you destroy the nerve)

36
Q

what connects the tooth to alveolar bone?

A

peridontal membrane and cementum

37
Q

types of papillae on tongue

A

filiform - pointy, in midline

fungiform - rounded, near front

foliate - rows of bumps on posterior

circumvallate - large broad posterior

38
Q

light staining blobs on the side of tongue papillae?

A

taste buds

39
Q

taste bud

A

neuroepithelium with sensory cells resting on the same basement membrane as stratified squamous epithelium

the sensory cells make synaptic contact with nerve fibers that cross basement membrane

40
Q

5 tastes? how taste works?

A

bitter, sweet, sour, salt, umami

sour uses presence of acid

sour and salt use channels

sweet, umami, and bitter use ligand-receptor system

41
Q

what tastes use ligand-receptor system?

A

sweet

bitter

umami

42
Q

largest salivary gland

A

parotid

43
Q

salivary glands release…

A

exocrine secretion of glycoproteins iin a fluid vesicle into ducts

44
Q

salivary fluid is secreted by

A

acinar cells and some duct epithelia

45
Q

what determines volume/ionic concentration?

A

ducts

46
Q

saliva content

A

1-1.5 L water

K, Na, bicarbonate, and Cl ions

enzymes, glycoproteins, antibacterial agents, Immunoglobulins

lymphocytes and shedding epithelia

47
Q

saliva initiates digestion of

A

fats (lingual lipase) and carbs (amylase)

48
Q

parasympathetic stimuates of salivary glands leads to

A

copious flow (vasodilation) and low in organic contents

49
Q

sympathetic stimulation of salivary glands leads to

A

reduced flow (vasoconstriction) and rich in organic contents

50
Q

submandibular gland has both ____ and ____

A

mucous and serous acini

51
Q

acinar cell

A

produced glycoprotein

ion transport drives water transfer to lumen

52
Q

ductal reabsorption mechanics

A

epithelia exchange Na (reabsorb na) for K; extent depends on rate of flow

also sends bicarbonate into lumen in exchange for Cl

(Na and Cl reabsorbed; K and bicarb secreted)

53
Q

____ at low flow; closer to ____at high flow

A

hypotonic at low flow

isotonic at high flow

54
Q

in comparison to submandibular….the parotid gland…

A

parotid has almost NO mucous acini– mostly just serous with many adipocytes

55
Q

sublingual gland

A

MOSTLY mucous with MULTIPLE large ducts

56
Q

submandibular and parotid only have one…

A

duct

vs sublingual with many

57
Q

foregut visceral pain is usually felt..

A

epigastrium

58
Q

midgut pain is usually felt in

A

preumbilical region

59
Q

LARP

A

location of vagus nerve –> left goes anterior and right goes posterior

60
Q

the esophagus has no ____ layer

A

serosa

61
Q

the primitive intestinal loop when viewed from the front undergoes a rotation of ____ degrees in a _________ direction, placing the ______ in the RLQ

axis of rotation is the ___

A

270

counterclockwise

cecum

SMA

62
Q

longitudinal bands along outside of the colon

A

teniae coli

63
Q

branches from the splenic artery to the stomach fundus are

A

short gastric arteries

64
Q

ligament of treitz

A

ligament where the duodenum exits the retroperitineum and becomes the jejenum

65
Q

what distinguishes the jejenum from the ileum

A

size of the lumen

plicae circulares

and the length of the vasa recta

66
Q

the uncinate process is

A

at the head of the pancreas

67
Q

three branches of celiac axis

A

left gastric

common hepatic

splenic

arteries

68
Q

liver is divided into two lobes by a plane joining the…..

A

gallbladder and IVC

69
Q
A

GI First half (8 decks)

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