GI Embryology

Question 1

What portion of the GI tract is derived from the FOREGUT?

Answer 1

Pharynx to duodenum

Question 2

What portion of the GI tract is derived from the MIDGUT?

Answer 2

Duodenum to transverse colon

Question 3

What portion of the GI tract is derived from the HINDGUT?

Answer 3

Distal transverse colon to rectum

Question 4

Name the developmental defect of the anterior abdominal wall due to failure of ROSTRAL fold closure.

Answer 4

Sternal defects

Question 5

Name the 2 developmental defects of the anterior abdominal wall due to failure of LATERAL fold closure.

Answer 5

Omphalocele, gastroschisis

Question 6

Name the developmental defect of the anterior abdominal wall due to failure of CAUDAL fold closure.

Answer 6

Bladder exstrophy

Question 7

Duodenal atresia is due to _____ while jejunal, ileal and colonic atresia is due to _____.

Answer 7

Failure to recanalize; vascular accident

Question 8

Name the genetic condition commonly associated with duodenal atresia.

Answer 8

Trisomy 21

Question 9

At 6 WEEKS, the midgut herniates through the _____.

Answer 9

Umbilical ring

Question 10

At 10 WEEKS, the midgut returns to the _____ and rotates around the _____.

Answer 10

Abdominal cavity; SMA

Question 11

Identify 4 pathologies associated with defects in midgut development.

Answer 11

Malrotation of midgut, omphalocele, intestinal atresia/stenosis, volvulus

Question 12

Gastroschisis: extrusion of abdominal contents through _____; covered/not covered by peritoneum.

Answer 12

Abdominal folds; not covered

Question 13

Omphalocele: persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into _____; covered/not covered by peritoneum.

Answer 13

Umbilical cord; covered

Question 14

What is the most common tracheoesophageal anomaly? How does it present clinically? What clinical test is used to diagnose it?

Answer 14

Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula; drooling, choking, and vomiting with first feeding; failure to pass NG tube into stomach

Question 15

Compare the CXR findings in esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula vs. pure esophageal atresia.

Answer 15

EA with TEF: air in stomach; EA: gasless abdomen

Question 16

2 week old child presents with palpable “olive” mass in epigastric region and nonbilious projectile vomiting. Name the disorder and treatment.

Answer 16

Congenital pyloric stenosis; surgical incision

Question 17

Pancreas is derived from the foregut/midgut/hindgut?

Answer 17

Foregut

Question 18

The pancreatic head, main pancreatic duct, and uncinate process is derived from the ventral/dorsal pancreatic bud?

Answer 18

Ventral

Question 19

The body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic duct is derived from the ventral/dorsal pancreatic bud?

Answer 19

Dorsal

Question 20

Ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum; forms a ring of pancreatic tissue that may cause duodenal narrowing. Name the condition.

Answer 20

Annular pancreas

Question 21

Ventral and dorsal pancreatic parts fail to fuse at 8 weeks. Name the condition.

Answer 21

Pancreas divisum

Question 22

Spleen arises in the _____ but is supplied by the foregut/midgut/hindgut. (Bonus: name the artery!)

Answer 22

Mesentery of stomach; foregut; celiac artery