GI Drugs

Question 1

Give examples of Antacids

Answer 1

Gaviscon

Question 2

Side effects of Antacids

Answer 2

Nausea
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Headaches

Question 3

MoA of Antacids

Answer 3

They contain alkaline ions that neutralise stomach acid

Question 4

Effects of Antacids

Answer 4

Reduce acid reflux

Question 5

Give examples of 5-Aminosalytic Acids

Answer 5

Mesalazine

Question 6

Side effects of 5ASAs

Answer 6

GI upsets
Peripheral Neuropathy
Pancreatitis

Question 7

MoA of 5ASAs

Answer 7

Release of aminosalicylic acid

Question 8

Effect of 5ASAs

Answer 8

Reduce inflammation

Question 9

Give examples of Anti-motility

Answer 9

Loperamide

Question 10

Side effects of Anti-motility

Answer 10

Dizziness
Dry mouth
Vomiting
Constipation
Abdominal pain

Question 11

MoA of Anti-motility

Answer 11

Stimulates opioid receptors

Question 12

Effect of Anti-motility

Answer 12

Increases tone and contractions on the small intestine, constricts smooth muscle sphincters and inhibits peristalsis- causing constipation

Question 13

Give examples of Anti-emetics

Answer 13

D1 receptor antagonists:

• Metoclopramide
• Domperidone

H1 receptors antagonists:
- Cyclizine:

Question 14

Side effects of Anti-emetics

Answer 14

Avoid if at risk of hepatic encephalopathy
Avoid if patient has prostatic hyperplasia

Dry mouth
Restlessness

Question 15

Give examples of H2 Receptor Antagonists

Answer 15

Ranitidine

Question 16

MoA of H2 Receptor Antagonists

Answer 16

Competitive inhibitor of Histamine receptors on parietal cells

Question 17

Side effects of H2 Receptor Antagonists

Answer 17

Nausea
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Headaches

Question 18

Effects of H2 Receptor Antagonists

Answer 18

Decreases the production of stomach acid

Question 19

Give examples of Immunosuppressants

Answer 19

Azathioprine and Methotrexate

Question 20

MoA of Azathioprine and Methotrexate

Answer 20

Metabolites halt DNA replication of T and B cells

Question 21

Side effects of Azathioprine

Answer 21

Pancreatitis
Leucopaenia
Hepatitis
Small risk of lymphoma, skin cancer

Question 22

Effects of Azathioprine and Methotrexate

Answer 22

Immunosuppresses

Question 23

Side effects of Methotrexate

Answer 23

Hepatotoxicity
Don’t give in pregnancy as it’s a chemo agent
Decreases WBC

Question 24

Give examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Answer 24

Omeprazole

Bismuth Chelate

Question 25

MoA of PPIs

Answer 25

Inhibition the H+/K+-ATPase system in parietal cells

Question 26

Side effects of PPIs

Answer 26

``` Nausea Fatigue Dizziness Diarrhoea Headache ```

Question 27

Effects of PPIs

Answer 27

Suppresses stomach acid secretion

Question 28

Give examples of Anti-TNF-alphas

Answer 28

Infliximab

Question 29

MoA of Anti-TNF-alphas

Answer 29

- Acts against TNF-alpha as an antibody | - Promotes apoptosis of T cells

Question 30

Side effects of Anti-TNF-alphas

Answer 30

- Reactivation of TB/ Hep - Drug-induced lupus - Serious infections

Question 31

Effect of Anti-TNF-alphas

Answer 31

Counteracts the body's harmful autoimmune response

Question 32

MoA of Ursodeoxycholic acid

Answer 32

Reduces cholesterol absorption

Question 33

Effect of Ursodeoxycholic acid

Answer 33

Reduced gallstone size

Question 34

Give examples of Anti-virals

Answer 34

IF-alpha (peginterferon) Hep B: Tenofovir and Entecavir Hep C: Ribavirin and Sofosbuvir

Question 35

MoA of Anti-virals

Answer 35

They prevent viral replication

Question 36

Side effects of IF-alpha (peginterferon)

Answer 36

``` Flu-like symptoms Chills Sore muscles Malaise Thyroid disease Autoimmune disease Psychiatric disease ```

Question 37

Side effects of Anti-virals

Answer 37

Resistance can develop | Anaemia

Question 38

Effect of Sucralfate

Answer 38

Acts as a barrier against gastric acid

Question 39

Give examples of laxatives

Answer 39

Bulk-forming: Ispagula husk, methylcellulose Osmotic: Lactulose, macrogols, citrate Stimulant: Senna, bisocodyl, glycerol suppository

Question 40

MoA of bulk-forming laxatives

Answer 40

Hydrophilic agents (polysaccharide, cellulose)

Question 41

MoA of Osmotic laxatives

Answer 41

Osmotically active agents (sugar, alcohol)

Question 42

MoA of Stimulant laxatives

Answer 42

Increase water and electrolyte secretion from the colonic mucosa, colonic content is increased, stimulating peristalsis

Question 43

Side effects of laxatives

Answer 43

Diarrhoea Cramping Flatulence