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Gastrointestinal > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Appetite suppressants effect which neurotransmitter to increase feelings of satiety?

A

Serotonin

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1
Q

Drugs to gain weight include:

A

Steroids (e.g. Megace)

THC derivatives

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2
Q

Appetite Suppressants that have potential for abuse are:

A

norepinephrine mimics and amphetamines

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3
Q

Side effect of norepinephrine appetite suppressant is:

A

SNS stimulation

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4
Q

Obesity medications that block some absorption of fat have these side effects:

A

Stool leakage
Fecal urgency
diarrhea
bloating

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5
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A

Serotonin antagonist for N/V

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6
Q

Side effects of Ondansetron (Zofran) can include:

A

constipation, headache, transient increase in liver function tests (LFTs)

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7
Q

Prochlorperadine (Compazine)

A

phenothiazine

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8
Q

Promethazine (Phenergan)

A

phenothiazine

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9
Q

What routes are appropriate to give promethazine?

A

Oral or rectal, not IV

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10
Q

Side effects of phenothiazines can include:

A
  1. orthostatic hypotension
  2. tachycardia
  3. EPS symptoms (twitching, mouth movements)
  4. ACH triad: dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision
  5. Constipation
    Sedation
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11
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Prokinetic

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12
Q

metoclopramide (Reglan) treats nausea and vomiting by:

A

Promoting movement of substances through the GI tract by activating the PNS

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13
Q

Side effects of Prokinetics can include:

A
  1. EPS (young adults especially)
  2. sedation
  3. fatigue
  4. N/V
  5. diarrhea
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14
Q

What is a natural emetic?

A

Salt

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15
Q

Meclizine (Antivert)

A

antihistamine

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16
Q

hydroxyzine (Vistaril)

A

antihistamine

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17
Q

dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

A

antihistamine

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18
Q

Antihistamines are used for what in the GI system?

A

Primarily for motion sickness and to decrease GI secretions

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19
Q

Side effects of antihistamines are:

A

dizziness
drowsiness
confusion (makes old people crazy and confused)
ACH triad (blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention)

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20
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran) is preferred sometimes because:

A

it effects the chemotherapeutic zone so fewer GI and CNS effects

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21
Q

Histamine Receptor Antagonists work by

A

decreasing production of acid. cells become less responsive to histamine, but this is an incomplete inhibition.

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22
Q

cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

Histamine Receptor Antagonist

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23
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A

Histamine Receptor Antagonist

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24
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

Histamine Receptor Antagonist

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25
Q

Side effects of Histamine Receptor Antagonists could include:

A

Confusion in the elderly

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26
Q

Nursing interventions for Histamine Receptor Antagonists include teaching the patient to:

A

take at regular intervals (BID, daily)

Take 30-60 minutes before meals

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27
Q

What could lower the effectiveness of Histamine Receptor Antagonists?

A

Smoking

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28
Q

In general, what type of medicine is prescribed first for heartburn?

A

antacids

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29
Q

Which type of medicine is good for occasional heartburn and stomach upset?

A

antacids

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30
Q

How do antacids work?

A

Buffer acid already in stomach

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31
Q

Possible side effect of aluminum or calcium antacids?

A

constipation

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32
Q

What is a possible side effect of magnesium antacids?

A

diarrhea

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33
Q

What type of drug should not be given to patients with electrolyte imbalace?

A

antacids

34
Q

lansoprazole (Prevacid)

A

Proton pump inhibitor

35
Q

omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

36
Q

pantoprazole (Protonix)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

37
Q

esomeprazole (Nexium)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

38
Q

Proton pump inhibitors work by:

A

binding to the pump mechanisms in parietal cells, thereby totally blocking all hydrogen ion secretion from parietal cells.

39
Q

If antacids are not successful in controlling heartburn, or if it is occurring too often, what is the next drug class prescribed?

A

histamine receptor antagonist

40
Q

If histamine receptor antagonists are unsuccessful, what is the next drug type prescribed?

A

proton pump inhibitors

41
Q

What are possible side effects of PPIs?

A

Increased risk of osteoporosis (possibly)
Increased risk of MI (possibly)
Increased risk of C. Diff

42
Q

When pantoprazole (protonix) is administered IV, how should it be given?

A

diluted

43
Q

What type of liquid is effective in mixing with Protonix to administer via NG tube?

A

apple juice

44
Q

What type of drug might increase risk of bleeding with Warfarin (Coumadin)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

45
Q

How are PPIs administered for extended therapy?

A

It must be given consistently for best results, once or twice daily. Take without regard to meals.

46
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate is used to treat what malady?

A

diarrhea (Pepto Bismol)

47
Q

What allergy is a contraindication for bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol)?

A

Aspirin

48
Q

What are the side effects of bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol)?

A

tinnitus
increased bleeding time
darkened tongue
dark stools

49
Q

diphenoxylate (Lomotil) is used for what condition? how?

A

diarrhea. inhibits GI motility and propulsion.

50
Q

Caution should be used with diphenoxylate (Lomotil) because:

A

It is an opioid derivative and can cause abuse and physical dependence

51
Q

What are the side effects of diphenoxylate (Lomotil)?

A

drowsiness
sedation
N/V
respiratory depression

52
Q

loperamide (Immodium) is used for what condition? how?

A

Diarrhea. decreases bowel motility and increases the absorption of H2O.

53
Q

How would one take loperamide? (Immodium)

A

OTC, taken after each loose stool, up to 16 mg daily. Not to be used with severe colitis.

54
Q

Docusate (Colace)

A

Stool softener (emollient)

55
Q

Mineral Oil

A

Stool softener (emollient)

56
Q

How do stool softeners (emollients) work?

A

they lubricate the stool passage by prevent water movement out of the intestines

57
Q

What is are contraindications of stool softener (emollient) use?

A

Obstruction
Abdominal pain
N/V

58
Q

Mineral oil can be used oral, rectally as an enema, or both?

A

both

59
Q

Docusate (Colace) works by:

A

making passage of stool easier, not by causing defecation.

60
Q

lactulose, MiraLax, and glycerin suppositories

A

Osmotic laxatives

61
Q

Osmotic laxatives work by:

A

increasing water in feces which leads to bowel distension, peristalsis, and evacuation.

62
Q

Possible side effects of Osmotic Laxatives?

A

abdominal bloating, rectal irritation

63
Q

psyllium (metamucil)

A

bulk forming laxative

64
Q

methylcellulose (Citrucel)

A

Bulk forming laxative

65
Q

Bulk forming laxatives work by:

A

increasing water absorption, causing greater bulk of contents

66
Q

Bulk forming laxatives like psyllium (Metamucil) and methylcellulose (Citrucel) are used for:

A

acute/chronic constipation, IBS, diverticulosis

67
Q

What should be assessed before giving any type of laxative?

A

Ability of the GI tract to eliminate feces

68
Q

Senna (Ex-lax, senokot)

A

stimulant laxative

69
Q

bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A

stimulate laxative

70
Q

Stimulant laxatives work by:

A

inducing parastalsis

71
Q

Caution should be used with stimulant laxatives because:

A

they have a potential for abuse.

72
Q

Possible side effects of stimulant laxatives:

A

rectal irritation

rebound constipation

73
Q

Biologic modifier immunosuppressants are used for which disease process?

A

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

74
Q

Corticosteroids do what to improve IBD?

A

decrease inflammation in the GI tract

75
Q

Anti-neoplastic immunosuppressants are used in IBD to do what?

A

decrease immune response

76
Q

Antimicrobials are used for IBD to do what?

A

treat infections

81
Q

What is a natural side effect of using lactulose to trap ammonia in the gut?

A

Increased stooling, cramping, abdominal distension

82
Q

octreotide (Sandostatin) works by:

A

causing vasoconstriction in the gastric beds, reducing portal vessel pressure in bleeding ulcers

83
Q

What is the side effect of octreotide (Sandostatin)?

A

Suppresses insulin, causing hyperglycemia.

Could also depress CNS

84
Q

To evaluate the efficacy of lactulose in trapping ammonia, what would the nurse assess?

A

LOC, mentation and affect

85
Q

octreotide (Sandostatin)

A

Liver medication

86
Q

Antibiotics are used in liver disease to do what?

A

decrease normal flora in the GI tract, reducing ammonia production

87
Q

lactulose is a laxative, but is also used to:

A

trap ammonia in the gut, decreasing amount in the blood. The ammonia is then excreted in the stool

Gastrointestinal (3 decks)

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