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Pharma 4 > GI Drugs 1 > Flashcards

GI Drugs 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mainstay Treatment for Acid Peptic Disorder

A

Antacids

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2
Q

Principal Mechanisms of Action of Antacids

A

Reduction of intragastric acidity

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3
Q

Mode of transmission of Antacids

A

After Meal Per Orem

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4
Q

NaHCO3(Baking Soda) Prototype Drug

A

Alka Seltzer

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5
Q

Contraindication/ Use with Caution of Baking Soda

A

Px with Renal Insufficiency

NaHCO3 Dose is High

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6
Q

Exacerbate Fluid Retention in patients with Hypertension, Heart failure, & Renal Insufficiency is due to

A

NaCl ABSORPTION from intake of Baking Soda (NaHCO3)

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7
Q

Mechanism of Action of Baking Soda

A

React RAPIDLY with HCL to form CO2 and NaCL

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8
Q

Adverse Effect of NaHCO3

A

Belching and Gastric Distention due to CO2 accumulation

Metabolic Alkalosis due to unreacted Alkaline

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9
Q

Ca Carbonate (TUMS) Mechanisms of Action

A

Reacts SLOWLY with HCL to form CO2 and CaCl2

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10
Q

Adverse Effect of Ca Carbonate

A

Excessive Belching and Metabolic Alkalosis

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11
Q

In patients with Osteoporosis and osteomalacia, what drug you will use?

A

Ca Carbonate

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12
Q

Contraindication/ Use with caution of Ca Carbonate (TUMS)

A

Hypercalcemia, Renal Insufficiency, Metabolic Alkalosis, Milk Alkaline Syndrome

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13
Q

In patients with Milk Alkaline Syndrome, what will you advice?

A

Do not drink too much milk

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14
Q

Prototype Drug of Magnesium Hydroxide/ Aluminum Hydroxide/ Magnesium + Aluminum Hydroxide

A

Maalox and Mylanta

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15
Q

MOA of Magnesium Hydroxide/ Aluminum Hydroxide/ Magnesium + Aluminum Hydroxide

A

Reacts SLOWLY with HCL to form MgCl2/AlCl3 and H20

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16
Q

Advantage of drug Mylanta and Maalox from other antacids?

A

Does NOT produce gas (CO2) = No BELCHING

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17
Q

Adverse Effect of MgCL2 (magnesium chloride)

A

Osmotic Diarrhea

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18
Q

Adverse Effect of AlCl3 (aluminum chloride)

A

Constipation

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19
Q

Contraindication/ use with caution of using Maalox & Mylanta

A

Px with Renal Insufficiency - will cause accumulation of ALUMINUM due to taking this drug for a long period

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20
Q

MINIMUM usage of Maalox or Mylanta

A

4 weeks

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21
Q

MAXIMUM usage of Maalox or Mylanta

A

6 weeks

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22
Q

H2 Receptor Antagonists Prototype Drug

A

Cimetidine

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23
Q

H2 Receptor Antagonists that undergo EXTENSIVE first pass effect

A

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine

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24
Q

Bioavailability of H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

50%

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25
Q

What circumstance does Dose Reduction Required when taking H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

Px with Moderate to Severe Renal Insufficiency

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26
Q

Adverse Effect of Cimetidine in Male?

A

Gynecomastia and Impotence

27
Q

Adverse Effect of Cimetidine in Female?

A

Increase Milk Secretion / Galactorrhea

28
Q

MOA of H2 Receptors Antagonists

A

COMPETITIVE Inhibitors if Parietal cell H2 receptor and suppress the Basal and Meal stimulating gastric acid secretion

29
Q

H2 Receptors Antagonists affects?

A

H2 receptor and it will not affect H1 or H3 receptor

30
Q

Does H2 Receptors Antagonists will cause Sedation?

A

No because it does not affect h1 or h3 receptor

31
Q

H2 receptor antagonists reduce acid secretion stimulated by?

A

Histamine, Gastrin, Cholinomemetic Agents

32
Q

Percentage of inhibit acid secretion of H2 receptor Antagonist per day?

A

60 - 70 percent

33
Q

H2 receptor antagonist is effective during?

A

NOCTURNAL acid secretion stimulated by HISTAMINE

34
Q

Histamine if effective during

A

Night Time (Nocturnal secretion)

35
Q

Mode of Transmission of H2 Receptors Antagonists?

A

Bedtime

36
Q

This drug have a modest impact on Meal Stimulated acid secretion?

A

H2 Receptors Antagonists

37
Q

Indication of H2 Receptors Antagonists

A

GERD, PAD/ APD, Non ulcer Dyspepsia, Prevention of Bleeding from Stress related Gastritis

38
Q

Meal acid secretion depends on?

A

Gastrin and Acetylcholine

39
Q

What will you give to prevent bleeding from stress related gastritis

A

IV H2 Antagonists

40
Q

H2 Receptors Antagonists should not be given in RAPID IV infusion because?

A

Lead to Bradycardia and Hypotension

41
Q

Px in IV H2 antagonist will have a increase risk on

A

Nosocomial Pneumonia, Mental Status Change

42
Q

H2 Receptors Antagonists used with caution on pregnancy because?

A

It crosses placenta and secreted into breast milk

43
Q

This drugs undergo RAPID first pass effect

A

Omeprazole, Ezomeprazole, Lansoprazole

44
Q

Prototype of Proton-Pump Inhibitor

A

Omeprazole

45
Q

This drug is similar to H2 antagonists

A

Prototype of Proton-Pump Inhibitor

46
Q

Bioavailability of Proton-Pump Inhibitor

A

Decreases with Food intake

47
Q

This class of drug is taken on empty stomach 1HR before meal

A

Proton-Pump Inhibitor (PRODRUG)

48
Q

Mode of Administration of Proton Pump Inhibitor

A

1hr Before Meal

49
Q

MOA of Proton-Pump Inhibitor

A

Block Final Common Pathway of Acid Secretion

Inhibit Fasting and Meal stimulated secretion

50
Q

This drug can be use in CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease)

A

Proton-Pump Inhibitor (Omeprazole)

51
Q

Best Drug for Inhibiting Acid Secretion

A

Proton-Pump Inhibitor 90 - 98% inhibits acid secretion

52
Q

Indication of Proton-Pump Inhibitor

A

GERD, PUD, Px undergo Endoscopy with VISUALIZED ulcers

53
Q

If Infected of H. Pylori what drug you will use?

A

Proton Pump + 2 Antibioics- At
Least TWO WEEKS
Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin / Metronidazole

54
Q

Drug use in NSAID induced ulcers

A

H2 Antagonists/ Proton-pump
Inhibitors + Discontinue NSAID

If NSAID needed: NSAID + Proton-pump inhibitor

55
Q

Px with stress related mucosal bleeding, what drug you will use?

A

Proton-pump inhibitor

56
Q

Px with Gastrinoma, what drug you will use?

A

Proton-pump inhibitor

57
Q

Adverse effect of Proton-pump inhibitor

A

Interstitial nephritis
Reduction in oral cyanocobalamin => subnormal Vit B12 levels
Reduce Ca absortion => Increase risk of rib fracture
Increase Gastrin
Increase risk of Community and Hospital acquired Pneumonia

58
Q

Increase risk of Community and Hospital acquired Pneumonia may due to what drug?

A

Proton-pump inhibitor

59
Q

Gastric Adenocarcinoma adverse effect of what drug

A

Proton-pump inhibitor

60
Q

What drug does Omeprazole inhibits

A

Warfarin, Phenytoin, Diazepam

61
Q

This drug Enhance clearance of Theophylline

A

Lansoprazole

62
Q

This drug decreases Clopidogrel activation

A

PPi

63
Q

PPi will decreased absorption of this drug?

A

Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Digoxin, Atazanavir this drug needs acidic environment to be absorb

Pharma 4 (2 decks)

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