Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

328 Pediatrics Exam 2 > GI Diseases > Flashcards

GI Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

List the agents that cause Infectious Diarrhea.

A
  • Rotavirus
  • Escherichia coli (E. coli)
  • Salmonella
  • Clostridium Difficilie (C. diff)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the etiology of each Infectious Diarrhea agent?

A
  • Rotavirus = virus
  • E. coli = bacteria
  • Salmonella = bacteria
  • C. diff = bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some unique characteristics of Rotavirus?

A
  • Most common cause of diarrhea < 5 yrs
  • Vaccine preventable (e.g. Rotarix)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some unique characteristics of E. coli?

A
  • undercooked beef, lettuce, petting zoos
  • produce. E. coli OH157:H7 linked with acute renal failure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some unique characteristics of Salmonella?

A
  • turtles
  • bloody diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some unique characteristics of C. diff?

A
  • C. difficile spores are not killed by alcohol, and the most effective way to remove them from hands is through handwashing
  • WASH HANDS / Probiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Meconium?

A
  • Meconium – First stool
    • Sticky, greenish-black stool
    • Amniotic fluid and cells swallowed in utero
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When should Meconium be passed? What do you assess for if it is not passed within that time period?

A

Should be passed within 24 hours of life; if not, assess for:

  1. Hirschsprung disease – lack of ganglion cells
  2. Hypothyroidism – metabolism slow
  3. Cystic Fibrosis – thick mucous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of Hirschsprung Disease.

A
  • Absence of ganglion (nerve) cells in colon and rectum
  • Colon expands - accumulation of stool with distention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hirschsprung Disease manifestations?

A

Delayed meconium passing, bilious vomiting, large stools (older children)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is Hirschsprung Disease diagnosed?

A
  • X-ray
  • barium enema
  • Confirm diagnosis with rectal biopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GER (Gastroesophageal Reflux) manifestations?

A

Regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GERD (Gastroesphageal Reflux Disease) manifestations?

A

Tissue damage to esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What concerns are there regarding GERD?

A

Concern when Failure to Thrive (FTT) – decreased growth (height/weight) or dysphagia develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is GER/GERD managed?

A
  1. Feeding alterations in infant
    • Thickening feedings (rice)
    • Upright positioning
    • Frequent burping during feeds
  2. Pharmacologic : H2 receptor antagonists (Cimetidine, Pepcid)-reduce gastric hydrochloric acid secretion.
  3. Surgical intervention—Nissen fundoplication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acute Appendicitis manifestations?

A
  • 1st - intermittent periumbilical crampy pain
  • 2nd - Moves to McBurney’s point (RLQ)
  • Fever, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Suspect appendix has ruptured if patient has a sudden relief of pain
17
Q

How is Acute Appendicitis diagnosed?

A
  • Ultrasound
  • CT Scan
18
Q

How do you treat a child with a non-ruptured appendix?

A

Non-Ruptured - laparoscopy surgery, IV antibiotics, can go home same day

19
Q

How do you treat a child with a ruptured appendix?

A

Can result in peritonitis – open abdominal surgery - substantial IV antibiotics, longer hospitalization

20
Q

Crohn’s Disease manifestations?

A
  • Chronic gastrointestinal inflammation of any part of the GI tract (Mouth to the anus).
  • Skip lesions - regions of inflammation separated by healthy bowel
  • RLQ Pain
  • Abdominal pain and distention
  • Bloody stools
  • Diarrhea
21
Q

Ulcerative Colitis manifestations?

A
  • Diffuse inflammation of rectal and colon mucosa
  • LLQ pain
  • Abdominal pain and distention
  • Bloody stools
  • Diarrhea
22
Q

What symptoms do Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis share?

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Bloody stools
  • Diarrhea
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
23
Q

Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis complications?

A
  • Anemia - bloody stools
  • Fluid and electrolyte imbalance due to diarrhea
  • Weight loss and growth failure due to malabsorption of nutrients
  • Immunosuppression due to meds
  • Impact on quality of life due to frequent hospitalization
24
Q

How is Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis treated?

A
  • Medication
    • Corticosteroids-reduce inflammation
    • Immunomodulators (suppress the immune systems abnormal response)
    • Anti-diarrheal medication
    • Probiotics
  • Pain management
  • Nutritional supplements
25
Describe the pathophysiology of Cleft Lip and Palate.
- Malformation occurring during fetal development - Cleft lip results from incomplete fusion of the oral cavity - Cleft palate results from incomplete fusion of the palate - Combination of environment and genetic factors: Smoking, alcohol, use anticonvulsants, steroids, during pregnancy
26
Cleft Lip and Palate complications?
- speech - feeding - dental problems
27
How is Cleft Lip and Palate managed?
- Special Needs Feeder (Haberman) - Surgical repair at 3 months
28
Describe post-operative care for Cleft Lip and Palate.
- Manage pain - Avoid pacifiers, spoons, sippy cups, and other sucking toys - Elbow/arm restrains to arms
29
Describe the pathophysiology of Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS).
- Constriction of the pyloric sphincter with obstruction of gastric outlet - Not present at birth but develops in the first few weeks of birth
30
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS) manifestations?
- Nonbilious **projectile vomiting** (30 minutes to an hour after eating) - Infant is “always hungry” - Dehydration may occur - Metabolic alkalosis - Olive-like pyloric mass may be palpated in the upper abdomen
31
How is Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS) treated?
Pyloromyotomy
32
Describe the pathophysiology of Intussusception.
- Telescoping of one portion of intestine into another (Intestine then folds into itself) - Etiology unknown - Usually involves the small bowel
33
Intussusception manifestations?
- **Abdominal pain: intermittent** episodes of pain-infant draws knees to chest, excessive irritability and crying. In between these episodes, infant appears comfortable. - **Vomiting** - **Palpable abdominal “sausage like” mass RLQ** - **Currant jelly–like stools** (mixture of blood and mucus) - Decreased appetite
34
How is Intussusception diagnosed?
- Clinical Symptoms - Ultrasound
35
How is Intussusception managed?
- **Air enema** with or without contrast radiologically- The air may help move the intestine back into its normal position. - **Saline enema** - **Surgery** to reduce or remove segment
36
Describe the etiology of Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS).
- A malabsorptive disorder - Portions of the bowel damaged or missing - Usually as result of small bowel resection often related to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infant.
37
Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) nursing considerations?
- Nutritional support (e.g., TPN, enteral feeding) - **Monitor for complications associated with central lines (infection) and TPN administration (liver failure)**

328 Pediatrics Exam 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions