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Farm Animal > GI disease > Flashcards

GI disease Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of scour in neonates

A

Incorrect mixing of milk replacer
E.coli, Clostidium perfringens B, Salmonella
Rotavirus
Cryptosporidium

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2
Q

Causes of scour in lambs

A

Rumen acidosis - creep feeding
Coccidiosis, Nematodirus, Parasitic Gastroenteritis (PGE)

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3
Q

Causes of scour in adult sheep

A

Rumen acidosis/lush pasture
Salmonella, Johnes

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4
Q

Cause of watery mouth in lambs

A

E.coli

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5
Q

How old are lambs that are affected by E.coli?

A

<4d

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6
Q

Clinical signs of E.coli infection (watery mouth) in neonates

A

Pyrexia
Lethargic
Scour
Hypersalivation
Pot belly (‘rattle belly’)

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7
Q

Control of E.coli

A

Good hygiene - clean, dry bedding changed between each ewe, hospital pens for ill animals
Colostrum management - within 6hrs of birth, ewe nutrition and BCS

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8
Q

How much colostrum should be given to new born lambs and within what timeframe?

A

50ml/kg ASAP, but withing 6hrs
200ml/kg within 24hrs

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9
Q

What are the 9 clostridia in sheep?

A

Clostridia perfringens type B, C, D
C tetani
C botulinum
C novyi
C septicum
C chavoei

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10
Q

Condition and clinical signs of C perfringens type B

A

Lamb dysentery
Sudden death in lambs (<3wks), may see blood-tinged diarrhoea, dull/listless

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11
Q

Protozoal causes of diarrhoea

A

Coccidiosis
Cryptosporidium

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12
Q

Risk factors associated with coccidiosis

A

Mixing age groups of lambs
Moving young lambs to shed/pasture where older lambs have been kept
Intensively stocked systems
Faecal contamination in/around feed/water troughs

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13
Q

What are the sources of coccidia oocysts?

A

Ewes passing oocysts onto pasture/bedding etc.

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14
Q

What is the multiplier effect with coccidiosis?

A

Ewes pass oocysts onto pasture and some overwinter
These oocysts are ingested by lambs and shed

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15
Q

Pathogenesis of coccidiosis

A

Damage to the gut lining causes straining, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea +/- mucous and blood
Leads to dehydration and death in severe cases
Ill-thrift and poor growth rates
Concurrent infection can exacerbate clinical signs

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16
Q

Control measures of coccidiosis

A

Ensure adequate colostrum intake
Good hygiene
Prevent faecal-oral transmission - raise feed and water troughs

17
Q

How old are lambs that are affected by cryptosporidium?

A

Usually <10d

18
Q

What is the peak risk period and pre-patent period of nematodirus battus?

A

Peak risk April to Jun, can get outbreaks Sept to Oct
PPP 14d

19
Q

What are the key features of the nematodirus battus life cycle?

A

L1-L3 happens within the egg
Eggs hatch when temperatures exceed 10 degrees
Long life cycle - between lamb crops

20
Q

What is the pathology of nematodirus battus?

A

Larvae damage the villi and erode mucosa

21
Q

Causes of GI disease in pre-weaning pigs (0-4wks old)

A

Rotavirus
C perfringens C, A
Coccidiosis
E.coli
PCV II
PRRS

22
Q

Causes of GI disease in 4-12wk old pigs

A

Rotavirus
E.coli
Salmonella
Lawsonia Intracellularis
Brachyspira pilisicoli and hyodysenteriae
PCV II
PRRS

23
Q

Causes of GI disease in finisher pigs (12-25wks)

A

Salmonella
Lawsonia Intracellularis
Brachyspira pilisicoli and hyodysenteriae
PCV II
PRRS

24
Q

Clinical signs of GI disease in pigs

A

Watery scour
- sticky, dirty skin
- perineal staining
- yellow
- associated with fading
- can be difficult to detect on bedding, look on walls
- sickly sweet smell
Sloppy looseness
- generally no smell
- green, brown, black
- signs of blood/mucous
- can be difficult to detect on bedding

25
Q

When to worry about watery scour in pigs?

A

Always a concern
Production losses occur quickly
Are pigs lethargic, eating, huddling more, fading?

26
Q

When to worry about loose stool in pigs?

A

Not always associated with morbidity
Assess quality of affected animals
Are affected pigs poorer?

27
Q

What are the sources of pathogens causing scour in pigs?

A

Sows
Vermin, birds
Poor hygiene in transport, bedding, staff
Poor storage/contaminated feed
Dirty water/feed troughs

28
Q

Treatment of E.coli and Salmonella in pigs

A

Aminoglycosides - spectinomycin, streptomycin, neomycin, aparamycin, paromucin
Tetracyclines - doxyxycline (salmonella)
Fluroquinolones - rare

29
Q

Treatment of Lawsonia and Brachyspira spp.

A

Macrolides - tylosin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin
Pleuromutilins - tiamulin
Lincosamide - lincomycin

30
Q

Control of GI disease in pre-weaning pigs (0-4wks)

A

Sow vaccination
Good quality colostrum and passive transfer
Challenge around vaccine antigens

31
Q

Control of E.coli and Salmonella in post weaning pigs

A

Zinc oxide - imminent loss
Oral vaccines
Crude protein level
Water and/or feed acidification
Pro and prebiotics
Herbal additives
Antimicrobials?

32
Q

Control of Lawsonia and Brachyspira spp. in pigs

A

Lawsonia vaccination - injectable and oral
Diet formulation
Pro and prebiotics
Zinc chelate
Antimicrobials?

Farm Animal (6 decks)

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