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GI > GI Devo > Flashcards

GI Devo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ‘challenge of the embryo’ from a GI standpoint

A

form a continuous mucos membrane lined musclar tube running length of the body

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2
Q

What are the 3 precursors of the GI system?

A

Endoderm
Splanchinic Mesoderm
Coelomic epithelium covering the splanchnic mesoderm

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3
Q

During folding of the embryo, folding the ______ plane creates the primitive gut tube

A

Transverse plane

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4
Q

Folding the in transverse plane creates the primitive gut tube from the:

A

Endoderm

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5
Q

Folding in the _______ plane creates three subdivisions of the primitive gut: foregut, midgut, hindgut

A

sagittal

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6
Q

Each subdivision of the primitive gut is associated with a :

A

ventral branch of the dorsal aorta

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7
Q

The foregut receives it’s blood supply from:

A

celiac trunk

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8
Q

The midgut recieves it’s blood supply from:

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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9
Q

The hindgut recieves it’s blood supply from:

A

the inferior mesenteric artery

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10
Q

What makes up the foregut?

A

Esophagus, stomach, duodenum (first and second parts)

Liver, GB, Spleen

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11
Q

What makes up the midgut?

A

duodenum (3rd and 4th parts), jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon (proximal 2/3)

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12
Q

What makes up the hindgut?

A

Transverse colon (distal 1/3), descending colon, sigmoid colon, retcum to ano-rectal line

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13
Q

Failure or incomplete re-canalization of the duodenum causing COMPLETE OCCLUSION

A

Dudoenal atresia

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14
Q

Failure or incomplete re-canalization of the duodenum resulting in PARTIAL OCCLUSION

A

Duodenal stenosis

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15
Q

occurs with duodenal ATRESIA bc the complete blockage prevents intestinal absorption of swallowed amniotic fluid

A

Polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac)

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16
Q

Gastroschisis results from a defect in the:

A

anterior abdominal wall

17
Q

What happens in gastroschisis

A

abdmominal viscera extrude through wall w/out involvement of the umbilical cord.

18
Q

Why is gastroschisis bad news for the viscera of the intestines?

A

Because viscera gets exposed to amniotic fluid: causes serosistis or inflammation

19
Q

Where does gastroschisis usually occur?

A

on the right side lateral to the umbilicus

20
Q

What is the etiology of gastroschisis?

A

not well understood: multifactoral, vascular event and enviromental factors
NOT A HERNIA!!!!

21
Q

Herniation of the abdominal viscera into teh proximal umbilicus

A

omphalocele

22
Q

What happens in an omphalocele

A

intestines fail to return to the abdomen
can include the liver, stomach and gonads
IG associated with other congenital abnormalities; cardiac and urogenital defects

23
Q

occurs when guts fail to rotate completely upon returning to the body cavity

A

nonrotaiton or malrotation

24
Q

What happens to the positioning of the small and large intestine in nonrotation?

A

large intestine located more leftward

small intestine located more rightward

25
Q

Reverse rotation (clockwise vs counterclockwise) results in ____ positioing of the duodenum in relation to the transverse colon

A

anterior

26
Q

Mispositioned intestine can lead to:

A

volvulus: obstruction, infarction, tissue death

27
Q

outpocketing of the ileum resulting from persistence of teh vitelline duct

A

Meckels diverticulum

28
Q

What can happen with Meckels diverticulum?

A

cysts and fistula can occur also and become inflammed; mimicking appendicitis

29
Q

Meckels diverticulum contains all layers of the ____ and can include epithelial cell types of the stomach and pancreas; enzymes

A

Ileum

30
Q

Aganglionosis of the colon that presents as a megacolon

A

Hirschsprungs disease

31
Q

Whats going on in Hirschburgs disease?

A

enlarged dilated region contains normal neural crest derived ganglion cells; dilation occurs d/t affected tissue that lacks ganglion cells, fails to relax; prevents movement of normal bowel contents

GI (14 decks)

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