GI - Constipation and Diarrhoea Flashcards
Name two opioid receptor agonists that can be used to manage diarrhoea
Loperamide (imodium)
Codeine
Morphine
What is the MoA of opioid receptor agonists?
Agonise mu receptors in the myenteric plexus to reduce peristalsis, but increase segmental contractions.
Leads to contents being smooshed into one segment of bowel to digest better
Suppression of the gastrocolic reflex leads to fewer mass movements
State two side effects of opioid receptor agonists
Paralytic ileus
N+V
Sedation
Addiction
Which drug is often used for difficult-to-manage high-output stomas
Octreotide
State two osmotic laxatives
Movicol
Latulose
What’s the difference in the MoA between lactulose and movicol?
Movicol retains the water that it’s taken with
Lactulose draws fluid in
State a drawback of osmotic laxatives
Takes 2-3 days to work
Lactulose enhances the effect of warfarin in CKD
Name two stimulant laxatives
Docusate sodium Senna Sodium picosulphate Bisacodyl Co-danthromer Glycerin suppositories
What is the MoA of stimulant laxatives?
Increase intestinal motility
- Docusate sodium and senna are stimulants and stool softeners
- Glycerin suppositories cause rectal irritation
Name a bulk-forming laxative
Ispaghula husk (fybogel) Methylcellulose (citrucel)
What is the MoA of bulk-forming laxatives?
Medicinal fibre
Name a stool-softener
Docusate sodium
Glycerin suppositories
Arachnis oil
What is the MoA of stool-softeners?
- Reduce the surface tension of stool
- Increase water content of stool
