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Year 3 Gastroenterology & Surgery Block > GI Carcinomas > Flashcards

GI Carcinomas Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of cancer diagnoses are gastric?

A

2%

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2
Q

What is the epidemiology of gastric cancers (age, sex)

A

> 75 years, male predominance 2:1

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3
Q

Risk factors of gastric cancer (5)

A

H.Pylori
Atrophic gastritis
Diet (salt, nitrates)
Smoking
Blood group

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4
Q

Red flag symptom of gastric cancer

A

Early satiety

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5
Q

Features of gastric cancer

A

Abdo pain, weight loss and anorexia, nausea and vomiting, dysphagia (proximal stomach), overt upper GI bleed, left supraclavicular node, periumbilical nodule

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6
Q

Periumbilical nodule is known as what?

A

Sister Mary Joseph’s node

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7
Q

Left supraclavicular node is known as what and associated to what?

A

Virchows node - gastric cancer

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8
Q

What are signet ring cells

A

Cells with a large vacuole, nucleus pushed to the top of the cell

Found in glandular cells that line digestive organs associated to gastric cancer

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9
Q

What is used to diagnose gastric cancer

A

OGD with biopsy

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10
Q

How is staging done in gastric cancer

A

CT

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11
Q

How do signet cells associated with prognosis

A

Higher number of signet cells = worse prognosis

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12
Q

How to manage gastric cancer (3 surg, 1 med)

A

Surgical options - endoscopic mucosal resection, partial gastrectomy, total gastrectomy

Chemo

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13
Q

What is intussusception

A

Part of the bowel sliding into an adjacent part of the bowel

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14
Q

Where does intussusception occur mostly

A

Ileo-caecal region

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15
Q

What age does intussusception occur mostly and sex

A

6-18 months, boys 2:1

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16
Q

Key features of intussusception

A
  1. Intermittent cramping/Abdo pain
  2. Inconsolable crying
  3. Drawing of knees and pale
  4. Vomiting
  5. Bloodstained stool (red-currant jelly, late sign)
  6. Sausage shaped mass in the RUQ
17
Q

How to diagnose intussusception, first line investigation

A

USS

18
Q

Management of intussusception

A
  1. Antibiotics
  2. Push bowel back using air enema
    (Tube inserted into child’s bottom, air passed under pressure). Monitor using x-ray
  3. If that doesnt work - surgical correctionn
19
Q

Telescoping is a sign of what

A

Intussusception

20
Q

Rovsings sign is?

A

Pain that’s referred to the opposite side of palpation

Palpate left = pain on right

21
Q

Appendicitis is indicated by what positive sign

A

Rovsings

22
Q

What does Murphys sign indicate

A

Gallbladder inflammation

23
Q

What does inhalation on palpation cause in RUQ

A

Gallbladder to descend

24
Q

What is murphys sign

A

Upper border of examiners hand in RUQ of abdomen under rib cage - patient inhales - drops gallbladder - gallbladder catches fingers = pain

25
Q

Cullens sign is suggestive of

A

Ectopic pregnancy or acute pancreatitis

26
Q

What is cullens sign

A

Bruising around the umbilicus

Year 3 Gastroenterology & Surgery Block (4 decks)

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