GI Bleeding and GI Emergencies Flashcards
What is the anatomical division of an upper/lower GI bleed
ligament of Treitz
When is FFP administered
Coagulopathy. INR>1.8
What findings in esophageal varicose veins are associated with a higher chance of bleeding?
Red Wale Markings
What is Fetor hepaticus
halitosis associated with cirrhotic patients
What are the common etiologies for upper GI bleeds
peptic ulcer disease, portal HTN->esophageal varicose, Mallory-Weiss tears, angiodysplasias, dieulafoy lesion
What is the initial endoscopic therapy for esophageal bleeds?
Banding
If banding and pharmacological therapy cannot slow a esophageal bleed, what is the next step?
Balloon Tube Tamponade
What are the most common etiologies for LGIB <50 y/o
infectious colitis, anorectal disease, and IBD
What are the most common etiologies for LGIB >50
Diverticulosis, angioectasias, malignancy, or ischemia.
What is the MOST common cause of major LGIB
Diverticulosis-> acute, painless, large-volume, maroon or bright red hematochezia.
What is the difference between a strangulated hernia and a incarcerated hernia?
Stangualted-> no blood supply, emergency. (site is tender)
Incarcerated-> still has blood flow
What is the most common cause of intestinal obstructions?
peritoneal adhesions
What the S/S of peritoneal adhesions
colicky abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, absence of flatus or stooping.
What will CT or XRAY show with obstructions?
dilated bowel and air-fluid levels, with decompressed bowel distal to the site of obstruction.
What is the treatment for obstructions?
- NG tube decompression and fluid resuscitation
- Urgent laparotomy for lysis of adhesions. Must be down before ischemia develops.
