GI AND LIVER

Question 1

What is the blood supply for the foregut?

Answer 1

Coeliac trunk

Question 2

What is the blood supply for the midgut?

Answer 2

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 3

Blood supply for the hindgut?

Answer 3

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 4

Nerve supply of foregut and nerve roots of this?

Answer 4

Greater splanchnic nerve T5-T9

Question 5

Nerve supply of midgut and nerve roots of this?

Answer 5

Lesser splanchnic nerve T10-T11

Question 6

Nerve supply of hindgut and nerve roots of this?

Answer 6

Least splanchnic nerve T12

Question 7

What make up the foregut?

Answer 7

Oesophagus, stomach, duodenum (1st & 2nd), liver, pancreas, biliary apparatus, gall bladder

Question 8

What makes up the midgut?

Answer 8

Duodenum (3rd & 4th part), jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3rd of transverse colon.

Question 9

What makes up the hindgut?

Answer 9

Distal 1/3rd of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum.

Question 10

What is the 1st part of the duodenum suspended by?

Answer 10

Greater omentum and hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 11

Where is the ampulla of vater located and what is it?

Answer 11

2nd part f duodenum, and this is the opening where the pancreatic duct drains into the duodenum along with the common bile duct.

Question 12

What are the 2 sphincters of the stomach?

Answer 12

From oesophagus to stomach = cardiac sphincter

From stomach to intestines = pyloric sphincter

Question 13

What are the muscular ridges called in the stomach and what do they do?

Answer 13

Rugae - help digest food (increase surface area)

Question 14

*What supplies the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 14

Right & left gastro-epiploic arteries

Question 15

*Where do the right and left gastro-epiploic arteries arise from?

Answer 15

Right = arises from common hepatic artery via gastroduodenal artery 
Left = branch of splanchnic artery

Question 16

*What supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 16

Right & left gastric arteries

Question 17

*Where do the right and left gastric arteries arise from?

Answer 17

Right = arises from common hepatic artery 
Left = direct from coeliac trunk

Question 18

*What is the blood supply of the fundus of the stomach?

Answer 18

Short gastric arteries - branches of splenic artery

Question 19

How is the stomach attached to the liver?

Answer 19

Via lesser omentum

Question 20

What does the lesser omentum carry?

Answer 20

The portal triad

Question 21

What is the portal triad?

Answer 21

hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile duct

Question 22

What is the gastric bed?

Answer 22

Pancreas & splenic artery & part of duodenum

Question 23

What is the environment of the stomach?

Answer 23

High acidity

Question 24

How can peptic ulcers form?

Answer 24

By destruction of mucosa due to high acidity of stomach

Question 25

Where does the coeliac trunk branch?

Answer 25

In front of aorta just below the diaphragm (at aortic hiatus T12)

Question 26

Where does the foregut receive it's sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply?

Answer 26

Sympathetic - greater splanchnic nerve T5-T9 | Parasympathetic - Vagal trunk (Vagus nerve/CN X)

Question 27

*Gastroduodenal artery is a branch of?

Answer 27

Common hepatic artery

Question 28

What is the space called behind the stomach?

Answer 28

Lesser sac

Question 29

What is the epiploic foramen?

Answer 29

It's a hole behind the portal triad into the lesser sac

Question 30

What are the bounds of the lesser sac?

Answer 30

Bounded from greater curvature of the stomach by the greater omentum Bounded from lesser curvature of the stomach and caudate lobe of liver by lesser omentum

Question 31

RADIOLOGY: What substance is given to a patient before an x-ray is taken of the GI tract and why?

Answer 31

Barium sulfate because it isn't absorbed by the body but absorbs xrays to show the lining of the stomach and GI tract.

Question 32

Where is the common site of a peptic ulcer?

Answer 32

Posterior wall of the 1st part of the duodenum

Question 33

At what vertebral level does the oesophagus pass through the duodenum?

Answer 33

T10

Question 34

Which structures pass through the diaphragm alongside the oesophagus?

Answer 34

Vagal trunks, inferior oesophageal artery & vein

Question 35

From where does the stomach receive it's nerve supply?

Answer 35

Sympathetic - greater splanchnic nerve T5-T9 | Parasympathetic - vagus nerves (CN X)

Question 36

Which structures lie in front of the stomach?

Answer 36

Left lobe of liver, anterior abdominal wall

Question 37

Which structures lie behind the stomach?

Answer 37

Lesser sac, behind the lesser sac is the pancreas & diaphragm

Question 38

What is porto-systemic anastomosis?

Answer 38

A vein which joins the hepatic portal system to the systemic system. It can take blood from the bowel and bypass the liver to return the blood to the heart.

Question 39

What are the functions of the stomach? (9 in total)

Answer 39

- store and mix food - dissolve and continue digestion - regulate emptying into the duodenum - kill microbes - secrete proteases - secrete intrinsic factor (that absorbs Vit B12 in the ileum) - activate proteases - lubrication - mucosal protection