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Phase 1 > GI AND LIVER > Flashcards

GI AND LIVER Flashcards

1
Q

What is the blood supply for the foregut?

A

Coeliac trunk

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2
Q

What is the blood supply for the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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3
Q

Blood supply for the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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4
Q

Nerve supply of foregut and nerve roots of this?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve T5-T9

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5
Q

Nerve supply of midgut and nerve roots of this?

A

Lesser splanchnic nerve T10-T11

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6
Q

Nerve supply of hindgut and nerve roots of this?

A

Least splanchnic nerve T12

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7
Q

What make up the foregut?

A

Oesophagus, stomach, duodenum (1st & 2nd), liver, pancreas, biliary apparatus, gall bladder

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8
Q

What makes up the midgut?

A

Duodenum (3rd & 4th part), jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3rd of transverse colon.

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9
Q

What makes up the hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3rd of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum.

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10
Q

What is the 1st part of the duodenum suspended by?

A

Greater omentum and hepatoduodenal ligament

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11
Q

Where is the ampulla of vater located and what is it?

A

2nd part f duodenum, and this is the opening where the pancreatic duct drains into the duodenum along with the common bile duct.

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12
Q

What are the 2 sphincters of the stomach?

A

From oesophagus to stomach = cardiac sphincter

From stomach to intestines = pyloric sphincter

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13
Q

What are the muscular ridges called in the stomach and what do they do?

A

Rugae - help digest food (increase surface area)

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14
Q

*What supplies the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Right & left gastro-epiploic arteries

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15
Q

*Where do the right and left gastro-epiploic arteries arise from?

A 
Right = arises from common hepatic artery via gastroduodenal artery 
Left = branch of splanchnic artery
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16
Q

*What supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Right & left gastric arteries

17
Q

*Where do the right and left gastric arteries arise from?

A 
Right = arises from common hepatic artery 
Left = direct from coeliac trunk
18
Q

*What is the blood supply of the fundus of the stomach?

A

Short gastric arteries - branches of splenic artery

19
Q

How is the stomach attached to the liver?

A

Via lesser omentum

20
Q

What does the lesser omentum carry?

A

The portal triad

21
Q

What is the portal triad?

A

hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile duct

22
Q

What is the gastric bed?

A

Pancreas & splenic artery & part of duodenum

23
Q

What is the environment of the stomach?

A

High acidity

24
Q

How can peptic ulcers form?

A

By destruction of mucosa due to high acidity of stomach

25
Q

Where does the coeliac trunk branch?

A

In front of aorta just below the diaphragm (at aortic hiatus T12)

26
Q

Where does the foregut receive it’s sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply?

A

Sympathetic - greater splanchnic nerve T5-T9

Parasympathetic - Vagal trunk (Vagus nerve/CN X)

27
Q

*Gastroduodenal artery is a branch of?

A

Common hepatic artery

28
Q

What is the space called behind the stomach?

A

Lesser sac

29
Q

What is the epiploic foramen?

A

It’s a hole behind the portal triad into the lesser sac

30
Q

What are the bounds of the lesser sac?

A

Bounded from greater curvature of the stomach by the greater omentum
Bounded from lesser curvature of the stomach and caudate lobe of liver by lesser omentum

31
Q

RADIOLOGY: What substance is given to a patient before an x-ray is taken of the GI tract and why?

A

Barium sulfate because it isn’t absorbed by the body but absorbs xrays to show the lining of the stomach and GI tract.

32
Q

Where is the common site of a peptic ulcer?

A

Posterior wall of the 1st part of the duodenum

33
Q

At what vertebral level does the oesophagus pass through the duodenum?

A

T10

34
Q

Which structures pass through the diaphragm alongside the oesophagus?

A

Vagal trunks, inferior oesophageal artery & vein

35
Q

From where does the stomach receive it’s nerve supply?

A

Sympathetic - greater splanchnic nerve T5-T9

Parasympathetic - vagus nerves (CN X)

36
Q

Which structures lie in front of the stomach?

A

Left lobe of liver, anterior abdominal wall

37
Q

Which structures lie behind the stomach?

A

Lesser sac, behind the lesser sac is the pancreas & diaphragm

38
Q

What is porto-systemic anastomosis?

A

A vein which joins the hepatic portal system to the systemic system. It can take blood from the bowel and bypass the liver to return the blood to the heart.

39
Q

What are the functions of the stomach? (9 in total)

A
  • store and mix food
  • dissolve and continue digestion
  • regulate emptying into the duodenum
  • kill microbes
  • secrete proteases
  • secrete intrinsic factor (that absorbs Vit B12 in the ileum)
  • activate proteases
  • lubrication
  • mucosal protection

Phase 1 (6 decks)

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