Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology Exam 3 Renal > GI Alterations > Flashcards

GI Alterations Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anorexia?

A

A lack of a desire to eat despite physiologic stimuli that would normally produce hunger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What lab value will be low with Anorexia?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is vomiting?

A

The forceful emptying of the stomach and intestinal contents through the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Nausea?

A

The most common subjective experience that is associated with a number of conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two most common Signs and Symptoms of nausea?

A
  1. Hyper-salivation

2. Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Retching?

A

A type of vomiting, Dry Heaving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is projective vomiting?

A

Spontaneous vomiting that does not follow nausea or retching caused by neurologic issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What two things are the most common causes of projective vomiting?

A
  1. Brain stem lesions

2. Gi Obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common symptom of GI disorders?

A

Abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is constipation?

A

Infrequent or difficult defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the reasons for constipation?

A
  1. Neurogenic disorders
  2. Function or Mechanical conditions
  3. Low-residue diet
  4. Sedentary lifestyle
  5. Excessive use of antacids
  6. Change in bowel habits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Hematemesis?

A

Bloody vomitus that appears bright red or coffee ground.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Melena?

A

Black, sticky, tarry, foul-smelling stool caused by digestion of blood in the GI tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Hematochezia?

A

Fresh, bright red blood from the rectum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Occult Bleeding?

A

Trace amounts of blood in normal-appearing stools or gastric secretions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do we detect Occult Bleeding?

A

Guaiac Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does an Upper GI Bleed occur?

A
  1. Above the stomach
  2. Esophagus
  3. Duodenum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What color is the blood in an Upper GI Bleed?

A

Bright Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do Lower GI Bleeds occur?

A
  1. Below the ligament of Treitz
  2. Bleeding from the Jejunum
  3. Bleeding from the Ileum
  4. Bleeding from the Colon
  5. Bleeding from the Rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does most of the Lower GI Blood look like?

A

Coffee grounds or dark burgundy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of GI Bleeds?

A
  1. Abdominal Pain
  2. Distention
  3. Cramping
  4. Hyperactive bowel sounds
  5. Increased pulse
  6. Tachypnea
  7. Hypotension
  8. Pallor
  9. Increased skin turgor
  10. Decreased urine output
  11. Hypovolemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Achalasia?

A
  1. Denervation of smooth muscle in the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.
  2. Loss of esophageal peristalsis and failure of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does GER stand for?

A

Gastro Esophageal Reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is GER?

A

Reflux of chyme from the stomach to the esophagus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the risk factors for GERD?

A

Conditions that increase abdominal pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of GERD?

A
  1. Heartburn
  2. Regurgitation of Chyme
  3. Upper Abdominal pain within 1 hr of eating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a Hiatal Hernia?

A

A protrusion of the upper part of the stomach through the diaphragm into the thorax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the two types of Hiatal Hernia?

A
  1. Sliding

2. Paraesophageal

30
Q

What is the most common type of Hiatal Hernia?

A

Sliding

31
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of a Sliding Hiatal Hernia?

A

Asymptomatic

32
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of a Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia?

A
  1. GER
  2. Dysphagia
  3. Heartburn
  4. Epigastric pain
33
Q

What is a Pyloric Obstruction?

A

Blocking or narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum.

34
Q

What causes Pyloric Obstructions?

A
  1. Peptic ulcer disease

2. Carcinoma near pylorus

35
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Pyloric Obstructions?

A
  1. Vague
  2. Nausea
  3. Epigastric Pain
  4. Anorexia
  5. Weight Loss
  6. Vomiting***
  7. Infrequent Small Stools***
  8. Prolonged: Malnutrition, dehydration, debilitation
36
Q

What is an intestinal obstruction or ileus

A

Any condition that prevents the flow of chyme through the intestinal lumen. Failure of normal intestinal motility in the absence of an obstruction lesion.

37
Q

What is a Intussusception?

A

Telescoping of the colon

38
Q

Who most commonly has a Intussusception?

A

Children

39
Q

What is a Volvulus?

A

Twisting of the colon.

40
Q

What is Paralytic Ileus?

A

A mechanical blockage

41
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Paralytic Ileus?

A
  1. Malodorous vomit with fecal smell.
  2. Loss of electrolytes
  3. Hypovolemia
  4. Abdominal Distention
  5. Constipation
  6. Constipation with failure to pass flatus
  7. Increased bowel sounds.
42
Q

What do the bowel sounds of Paralytic Ileus sound like?

A
  1. High pitched at first

2. Then silent.

43
Q

Do we feed a silent abdomen?

A

NEVER, because the gut isn’t working.

44
Q

What is an adhesion?

A

Scar tissue formation that narrow the pathway and ‘‘bunch up’’ the colon. Which can block off part of the colon and some of the pathway inside.

45
Q

What is gastritis?

A

An inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa (gut).

46
Q

What does acute gastritis do?

A

Erodes surface epithelium.

47
Q

What does chronic gastritis do?

A

Thins and degenerates the stomach wall.

48
Q

Who gets chronic gastritis.

A

Elderly folk.

49
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Gastritis?

A
  1. Vague
  2. Anorexia
  3. Fullness
  4. Nausea
  5. Vomiting
  6. Epigastric Pain
  7. Gastric Bleeding
50
Q

What is peptic ulcer disease?

A

A break or ulceration in the protective or mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.

51
Q

What are the risk factors of Peptic Ulcer Disease?

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Age
  3. Habitual NSAIDS
  4. Alcohol
  5. Emphysema
  6. Rheumatoid Arthritis
  7. Cirrhosis
  8. Diabetes
  9. H.Pylori
52
Q

What is the most common Peptic Ulcer?

A

Duodenal Ulcer

53
Q

What is the major causes of duodenal ulcers?

A
  1. H. Pylori

2. Chronic NSAID use

54
Q

What is Ulcerative Colitis?

A

A chronic inflammation disease that causes ulceration of the colonic mucosa.

55
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis?

A
  1. Intermittent remission and exacerbation
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Bloody stools
  4. Continuous cramping
  5. Urgency
  6. Dehydration
  7. Weight Loss
  8. Anemia
  9. Fever
56
Q

How many stools per day would someone with Ulcerative Colitis

A

10-20 stools/day

57
Q

What is Chron Disease?

A

Inflammatory disease of the large and small intestine

58
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Chronic Disease?

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Occasional colonic bleeding
  3. Weight loss
  4. Lower abdominal pain
59
Q

What is Diverticular Disease?

A

Herniations of mucosa through the muscle layers of the colon wall, especially the sigmoid.

60
Q

What are the two types of Diverticular Disease?

A
  1. Diverticulosis
61
Q

What is diverticulosis?

A

Asymptomatic diverticular disease.

62
Q

Is Diverticulosis chronic or acute?

A

Chronic

63
Q

What is Diverticulitis?

A

The inflammatory stage of diverticulosis.

64
Q

Is Diverticulitis chronic or acute?

A

Acute

65
Q

Where do Gastric Ulcers develop?

A

Develop in the astral region of the stomach, adjacent to the acid secretion mucosa of the body.

66
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Gastric Ulcers?

A
  1. Pain-food-relief
  2. Anorexia
  3. Vomiting
  4. Weight Loss
67
Q

What are the stress ulcer types?

A
  1. Ischemic
  2. Curling
  3. Cushing
68
Q

Ischemic ulcers are due to?

A

Low volume

69
Q

Curling Ulcers are due to

A

Burns

70
Q

Cushing ulcers are due to

A

Severe heath trauma/ brain surgery.

Pathophysiology Exam 3 Renal (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions