GI A&P Flashcards
1
Q
best tests to evaluate liver function
A
bili, albumin, coag (INR/PT)
2
Q
Hepatic Portal System
A
3
Q
Normal Gallbladder and Vessels
A
4
Q
Sphincter of Oddi & Ampulla of Vater location
A
5
Q
Arteries of the Abdomen
A
6
Q
Pancreatic Enzymes
A
-
Amylase:
- breaks down carbohydrates
-
Trypsin & chymotrypsin
- start as zymogen or trypsinogen (inactive forms) → become active in duodenum
- prevents autodigestion
- break down proteins
- start as zymogen or trypsinogen (inactive forms) → become active in duodenum
-
Lipase
- breaks down lipids
7
Q
Acinar Cells
A
Located in the pancreas
- produce zymogen and trypsinogen
- inactive forms of trypsin and chymotrypsin
- become active when they reach the duodenum → break down proteins
*
8
Q
Why is lipase measured in pancreatitis?
A
When the pancreatic cells get damaged they release lipase
9
Q
Which are the fat soluble vitamins?
A
A, D, E, & K
10
Q
What digests Carbohydrates and where are they absorbed?
A
-
digestive enzymes:
- salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, brush border enzymes
-
Absorption:
- small intenstine
11
Q
What and where digests proteins?
A
-
Digestive enzymes:
- pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, brush border enzymes
-
Absorption:
- small intestine
12
Q
Breakdown, enzymes, and absorption of lipids
A
-
breakdown/emulsification:
- bile salts from the liver
-
digestive enzymes:
- pancreatic lipase
-
absorption:
- small intestine
13
Q
Mesenteries of the GI system
A
14
Q
What makes up saliva?
A
- 99.5% water
- electrolytes
- mucus
- salivary amylase: breaks down carbohydrates
- lysozyme: antibacterial enzyme
15
Q
Secretions of the Stomach
A
- Parietal cells: HCl, intrinsic factor (required for B12 absorption)
- chief cells: pepsinogen, gastric lipase
- G-cells: gastrin
- enterochromaffin-like cells: histamine
- mucosal cells: alkaline mucus
