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204 Exam 3 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Assessing for GI

A

a. Empty bladder
b. Keep room warm
c. Assess painful areas last to
avoid patient becoming tense
e. Warm stethoscope

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2
Q

i. above the umbilicus and between the costal margins

A

Epigastric

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3
Q

i. around the naval

A

Umbilical

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4
Q

i. above the symphysis pubis

A

Suprapubic

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5
Q

B. Order of the Abdominal Assessment

A

a. Inspection
b. Auscultation
c. Percussion
d. Palpation

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6
Q

Quadrants

A

RUQ (liver)
RLQ (appendix, colon)
LUQ (stomach, spleen)
LLQ (colon)

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7
Q

Abdominal girth (waste circumference)

A

using tape measure right about belly button

measuring weight

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8
Q

Start where when auscultating

A

RLQ

move clockwise

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9
Q

Listening to

A

air/fluid passing thru (peristalsis)

Soft gurgling noises

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10
Q

Listen up to

A

5-20 sec

5 minutes before determining no bowl sounds

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11
Q

high pitched gurgling noises caused by air mixing with fluid during peristalsis (5-35 sounds/min)

A

normal bowel sounds

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12
Q

lack of peristalsis (no sounds x 5 min/quadrant)

1. Concerned about obstruction, illuis

A

Absent bowel sounds

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13
Q

Heard infrequently

A 
hypoactive:
when normal (post-op, fasting)
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14
Q

loud, growling sounds (borgorygmi)

A

Hyperactive

Diarrhea, certain foods, medications (laxative)

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15
Q

i. Narrowing of major blood vessels and disruption of flow

A

Bruits

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16
Q

no vascular sounds over aorta or femoral arteries

A

normal bruits

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17
Q

i. Air filled, gas

A

tympany

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18
Q

i. When you pull hand away—they feel the pain

A

Rebound tenderness (blumbergs sign)

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19
Q

NEVER palpate

A

pulsation (aneurysm)

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20
Q

smooth with consistent softness, non-tender, no masses

A

normal palpation

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21
Q

Factors Affecting Bowel Elimination

A 
Age
Fluid intake
Psychological factors
Positions during defecation
Pregnancy
Meds
Diet
Physical activity
22
Q

i. A symptom, not a disease; infrequent stool and/or hard, dry, small stools that are difficult to eliminate

A

a. Constipation

23
Q

i. An increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces

A

b. Diarrhea

24
Q

Gas

A

flatulence

25
Q

i. Results from unrelieved constipation; a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel

A

Impaction

26
Q

i. Inability to control passage of feces and gas to the anus

A

Incontinence

27
Q

i. Dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum

1. Purplish coloration to them, straining of some sort

A

Hemorrhoids

28
Q

Direct visualization

indirect visualization

A

colonscopys

Xrays

29
Q

white or clay stool

A

biliary issue

30
Q

black or tarry stool

A

melena

31
Q

red, pale with fat translucent mucus, blood mucus what can that show?

A

infection
inflammation
cancer

32
Q

abnormal consistency of stool

A

liquid, hard

33
Q

abnormal stool shape

A

narrow, pencil shape

34
Q

abnormal constituents

A

blood, pus, foreign bodies, mucus, worms, excess fat

35
Q

Lab test rules

A

a. Cannot mix stool with urine sample

b. Small sample, make sure sample is sent on time

36
Q

fecal specimens

A

i. Special collection containers
ii. Aseptic collection technique
iii. Culture

37
Q

stool for ova & parasite (O &P)

A

i. Specimen must be warm

ii. Must send to lab immediately

38
Q

Occult blood (guaiac) sample

A

i. When you see blood
ii. Frank blood-you can see with your eyes, if you cannot see it with your eyes: guaiac
iii. Check 3 times

39
Q

Constipation related to

A

b. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, certain medications

40
Q

Co-morbidites with constipation

A

i. Abdominal surgery
ii. Cardiovascular disease
1. Don’t want them straining
iii. Glaucoma
1. Intraocular pressure if they strain

41
Q

red flag with impaction

A

oozing diarrhea

42
Q

what’s secondary to constipation?

A

impaction

43
Q

diarrhea & what med?

A

antibiotic use

44
Q

diarrhea

A

b. Disorders affection digestion, absorption, and secretions of the GI tract; antibiotic use; enteral nutrition (tubes); food allergies or intolerances; surgeries or diagnostic tests of the lower GI tract; foodborne pathogens

45
Q

impaired intestinal mobility (4 things)

A

i. Opiates
ii. General anesthesia
iii. Abdominal surgery
iv. Immobility

46
Q

Bedpan position

A

i. Prevent muscle strain and discomfort
ii. Elevate head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees
iii. Wear gloves when handling bedpans
iv. When patients are immobile or it is unsafe to allow them to raise their hips, they remain flat and roll onto the bedpan

47
Q

i. Opiates used with caution

A

antidiarrheal agents

48
Q

cathartics have

A

stronger & more rapid effect than laxatives

49
Q

Enema admin

A
  1. Separate buttocks, lubricate tip, aim to umbilicus (3-4 inches deep), squeeze bottle until empty, ask pt to hold it in for a couple of minutes (2-5 minutes)
  2. Positioning: Sims position
  3. Precautions to avoid discomfort
  4. Length of time necessary to retain the solution before defecation
50
Q

types of enemas

A

tap water (hypo)
normal saline (iso)
hypertonic
Soapsuds

204 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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