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204 Exam 3 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries & veins =

A

closed circuit

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2
Q

arteries

A

take blood away from ♡

“a-away”

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3
Q

Arteries bring

A

oxygen & nutrients to all of our cells of body

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4
Q

Veins take

A

blood to the ♡

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5
Q

4 chambers

A

ventricles on bottom

atrium on top

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6
Q

Veins that bring blood back to body

A

Superior vena cava & inferior vena cava

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7
Q

SV & IV cava both

A

going into R atrium
R ventricle
to lungs thru pulmonary artery

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8
Q

blood thru pulmonary arteries are going to

A

get oxygenated then return to pulmonary veins

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9
Q

Blood goes into Left

A

atrium-left ventricle (oxygenated blood)-then back to body thru aorta

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10
Q

♡ is sending

A

blood upwards & downwards

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11
Q

Values of heart

A

tricuspid valve
pulmonary valve
aortic valve

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12
Q

pumping phase, contraction S1

A

Systole

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13
Q

Cardiac cycle events occur in both R & L side of ♡ but

A

same events
occurs slightly later in R side
Pressure in R side is lower

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14
Q

S1 happens when:

A

Ventricle pressure is increasing

mitral valve & tricuspid valve to close

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15
Q

filling phase, relaxation of ventricles S2

A

Diastole

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16
Q

Pressure is always

A

higher in LEFT side

need more pressure to send thru aorta to entire body

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17
Q

When ventricle is empty

A

Pressure is decreased (it got rid of blood)

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18
Q

When ventricle is empty

A
  1. Pulmonary valve & aortic value are going to close
  2. Then S2 the second sound you will hear (dub)
  3. Ventricles are relaxing, blood is going to fill the ventricles
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19
Q

Autonomic nervous system controls

A

rate & strength of each contraction

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20
Q

The atria & ventricles work on electrical impulses”

A

always need electrical impulses to have ♡ work/contract

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21
Q

Increases rate/speed

A

sympathetic (adrenergic)

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22
Q

decreases (electrical impulses)

A

parasympathetic (cholinergic)

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23
Q

APETM

A
  1. Aorta (R sternal border 2nd ICS)
  2. Pulmonary (L sternal border 2nd ICS)
  3. Erb’s Point (L sternal border 3rd ICS)
  4. Tricuspid (L sternal border 4th ICS)
  5. Mitral (L mid clavicular line 5th ICS)
24
Q

Abnormal ♡ sounds

A
  1. Dysrhythmias (called abnormalities)
  2. Extra heart sounds- S3 & S4
  3. Murmurs (grade, pitch, quality)
25
Q

Auscultation using diaphragm

A

i. Rate & rhythm, identify S1 & S2 separately

ii. Some sounds may flow together

26
Q

good position for apical pulse

A

L lateral recumbent

27
Q

Auscultation using bell

A

lower pitched sounds

28
Q

First ♡ sound-LUB occurs with closure of

A

two atria-ventricular
(tricuspid & mitral valves)
ventricles contract

29
Q

S1 closure of

A

AV valves
mitral & tricuspid
M1 before T1

30
Q

LUB correlates with

A

carotid pulse

31
Q

S1 is heard loudest at

A

apex (tricuspid & mitral area)

32
Q

Apex

Base

A

bottom

top

33
Q

Second ♡ sound: DUB is produced by closure of

A

aortic & pulmonary valves

34
Q

S2 closure of

A

Semilunar valves

aortic & pulmonic

35
Q

Erb’s point may hear

A

more than one murmurs

hears closing up all the valves

36
Q

Caused by premature rush of blood into ventricle that is stiff or dilated from heart failure and HTN.

A

S3-ventricular gallop

37
Q

Caused by an atrial contraction pushing blood against a ventricle not accepting blood because of heart failure or other alterations.

A

S4-atrial gallop

38
Q

Extra heard sounds are best heard at the

A

apex of the heart

laying on L side

39
Q

Gentle, blowing, swooshing sound.

A

murmurs

40
Q

Velocity of blood increases

A

Exercise, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy

41
Q

Structural defects in valves or chambers

A

Narrow valves
incompetent (not closing all the way) valves
wall defects
dilated chambers

42
Q

A valve that does not close efficiently, results in the backflow of blood

A

insufficiency

regurgitation

43
Q

A valve that does not open wide enough may cause turbulent backflow secondary to obstruction or narrowing

A

stenosis

44
Q

Assessment position

A

a. Position client supine

b. Then head elevated at 45 degrees

45
Q

a. Is the location at which the cardiac impulse can be best palpated on the chest wall
b. 5th ICS at midclavicular line

A

PMI point of maximum impulse

46
Q

What you are looking at when measuring JVD 3 things & what side are you standing on?

A

i. Highest level of pulsation
ii. Venous pressure
iii. Sternal angle
iv. Stand on persons R side

47
Q

i. Measurement of pressure inside the vena cava
ii. Indicates how much blood is flowing back into your heart
iii. & how well your heart can move that blood into lungs & rest of body

A

Sign of increased central venous pressure (CVP)

48
Q

Jugular vein moves to direct path to

A

right atrium

49
Q

Homans sign

A

a. Assess for DVT

b. Rapidly dorsiflex foot/ ankle

50
Q

Normal resting Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)

A

0.9-1.3

51
Q

represents the amount of blood pumped out of the heart (left ventricle) with each beat.

A

Ejection Fraction (EF)

52
Q

The inability of the heart to circulate blood effectively enough to meet the body’s metabolic needs

A

♡ Failure

53
Q

drawn after something thinks they had a heart attack (12-24 hrs afterwards)

A

CK or CK-MB

54
Q

clotting problems lab

A

PT/PTT

55
Q

myocardia infarction usually 3 hours after a heart attack

A

Troponin I

56
Q

making sure electrical function is working well

A

EKG

204 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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