GI Flashcards
Label the regions of the body and their associated GI tract organs
List the functions of each organ of the GI tract
Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach and Small Intestine
Large Intestine and Anus
Oral Cavity:
- Sensing (NOT tasting)
- Salivaton
- Chewing
- Swallowing
Pharynx
- Swallowing
- Airway protection when swallowing (soft palate and uvula)
- Immunity (tonsils): Defence against infection
Oesophagus
- Transit only: from pharynx to stomach
Stomach and Small Intestine
- Digestion
- Immunity (acid): defence against infection
- Absorpton
- Transit
Large Intestine and Anus
- Reabsorption (water and electrolytes)
- Stool Formation
- Excretion
- Transit
What are the names for the upper jaw and lower jaw?
Upper jaw: Maxilla
Lower jaw: Mandible
Label the parts of the Oral Cavity
What is the function of the soft palate? What is it’s midline extension?
Soft palate rises to prevent fluid going into nasal cavity/lowers to allow breathing
The uvula is the midline extension of the soft palate
Where do the palatine tonsils lie?
How many do we have?
What is its function?
- Extending laterally from the uvula we have arches of the soft palate.
- We have a posterior arch and an anterior arch,
- Sandwiched between the arches we have the palatine tonsils
- We have 4 pairs of tonsils – cannot call palatine tonsil just tonsil
The tonsils serve an immunity function: defence against infection
What is the function of mastication? Which organs are involved in it?
Mastication facilitates taste and digestion by mixing food with saliva
Conducted by movement of the jaw, tongue and buccinator muscle to breakdown food
Tongue manipulates, pushes and aligns bolus of food in between teeth
Buccinator muscle pushes food in to align it in between teeth
What is the joint involved in mastication?
• Movement of opening and closing the jaw occur at the TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint)
How many muscles are there at each TMJ? Which muscle of mastication opens the jaw? Why do we have more muscles to close the jaw than to open it?
- Temporalis (close)
- Masseter (close)
- Medial Pterygoid (close)
- Lateral Pterygoid (open)
We have 3 muscles to close and 1 to open because of the force of gravity – so we can keep our jaw closed
Label the Muscles of Mastication
Masseter and Medial Pterygoid act together like a sling - M & M
Top muscle = temporalis
Which muscle of mastication acts like a sling with the masseter?
Medial Pterygoid: lies internally to the masseter and works with it to close the jaw
What are the names of the dental arches?
How many teeth in adult dentition? By what age do they erupt?
- Upper (Maxillary) Dental Arch
- Lower (Mandibular) Dental Arch
- 32 teeth in adult dentition (16 per arch; 8 per quadrant)
- All erupted by age 18
What are the numbers and names of adult dentition?
- 1, 2 = incisors
- 3 = canine
- 4,5 = premolars
- 6,7,8 = molars (8 = wisdom tooth)
Label the diagram
Why is the tongue split into two parts? What is the border between the two?
In development they develop separately and the innervation is separate
The border between the anterior/posterior tongue lies just behind the vallate papilla