GI

Question 1

PPIs:

Acronym stands for

Answer 1

Protein pump inhibitors

Question 2

PPIs:

Mechanism

Answer 2

Inhibits protein pump… duh

to reduce acid secretion

Question 3

PPIs:

Drug examples

Answer 3

“-prazole”

Omeprazole, iansoprazole

Question 4

PPIs:

Used in

Answer 4

Peptic ulcer disease, GORD, H. pylori

Question 5

Histamine type 2 receptor agonists:

Mechanism

Answer 5

Blocks some, but not all, acid secretion

Question 6

Histamine type 2 receptor agonists:

Drug examples

Answer 6

Ranitidine

Question 7

Histamine type 2 receptor agonists:

Used in

Answer 7

Secondary for peptic ulcers, mild GORD

Question 8

Antiacids & Alginates:

Mechanism

Answer 8

Buffers that increase pH and increase gastrin viscosity respectively.
Prevent mucosal damage

Question 9

Antiacids & Alginates:

Drug examples

Answer 9

Gaviscon, peptac

Question 10

Antiacids & Alginates:

Used in

Answer 10

GORD symptom relief

Question 11

Antimuscarinic drugs:

Mechanism

Answer 11

Competes for acetylcholine receptors, reducing parasympathetic innervation of the gut, reducing motility

Question 12

Antimuscarinic drugs:

Drug examples

Answer 12

Hyoscine butylbromide

Question 13

Antimuscarinic drugs:

Used in

Answer 13

IBS, relieves smooth muscle spasm

Question 14

Antimuscarinic drugs:

Side effects

Answer 14

Parasympathetic suppression:

Tachychardia, dry mouth, constipation

Question 15

Antimotility drugs:

Mechanism

Answer 15

Increase intestinal contractions and inhibits peristalsis

Question 16

Antimotility drugs:

Drug examples

Answer 16

Loperamide, codeine

Question 17

Antimotility drugs:

Used in

Answer 17

Diarrhoea from gastritis or IBS

Question 18

Antimotility drugs:

Side effects

Answer 18

Constipation, abdominal cramping.

NOT for UC or hospital diarrhoea (could be C.diff)

Question 19

Aminosalicylates:

Mechanism

Answer 19

5-ASA is activated locally in the colon as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant

Question 20

Aminosalicylates:

Drug examples

Answer 20

Mesalazine, balsalazide

Question 21

Aminosalicylates:

Used in

Answer 21

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 22

Aminosalicylates:

Side effects

Answer 22

Tummy upsets and headaches

aw poppet :’(

Question 23

Laxatives (bulk forming):

Mechanism

Answer 23

Hydrophilic agents attract water to the stool by osmosis = better consistency = yummy

Question 24

Laxatives (bulk forming):

Drug names

Answer 24

Ispagula husk, methylcellulose

Question 25

Laxatives (bulk forming):

Used in

Answer 25

Constipation, faecal impaction, IBS

Question 26

Laxatives:

Side effects

Answer 26

Farty, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea

Question 27

Laxatives (osmotic):

Mechanism

Answer 27

Sugars and alcohols attract water.

Lactulose also reduces ammonia absorption for hepatic encephalopathy

Question 28

Laxatives (osmotic):

Drug examples

Answer 28

Lactulose, macrogols, phosphate enemas

Question 29

Laxatives (osmotic):

Used in

Answer 29

Constipation, faecal impaction, pre-endoscopy, hepatic encephalopathy

Question 30

Laxatives (stimulant):

Mechanism

Answer 30

Stimulates peristalsis

Question 31

Laxatives (stimulant):

Drug examples

Answer 31

Senna, bisocodyl, some sodiums

Question 32

Laxatives (stimulant):

Used in

Answer 32

Constipation, faecal impaction

Question 33

Antiemetics:

Used in:

Answer 33

Nausea and vomiting
Chemo-related (domperidrone)
Post-op (Ondansetron and cyclizine)

Question 34

Antiemetics:

Drug examples

Answer 34

Domperidone - chemo

Ondansetron, “-zine” cyclizine - post op