GI Flashcards
2 easy histological for crohns
granuloma formation
transmural inflammation
2 comps of crohns
absess fistula perforation Ca Malnutrition
how does cirrhosis lead to varicies
venous portal hypertension
Medical mx of varicies
terlipressin / b blockers
How to reduce portal pressures
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
GI malignancy Red flag
ALARMS
Anaemia, Loss of wt, Anorexia, Recent onset (if >55), Melaena, Swallowing difficulty
Ix for abdo perf
Upright CXR
High gastrin levels seen in ?
zollinger Ellison syndrome
-Pancreatic gastrinoma / part of MEN syndrome
How does urea breath test work
H pylori produce urease to break down urea into ammonia and co2
Radio C in form of urea injested - if broken down radioisotope of CO2 can be measured
Gold standard Ix to prove reflux
oesophageal pH manometry
name a SE of fundoplication
Dysphagia from compression of GOJ
Achalasia
Dumping syndrome
why does conjugated bilirubin appear in urine and unconugated not
Water soluble
Dx / Mx of cholestasis
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography + stent
pancreatic Ca marker
Ca 19-9
persistent jaundice comps
itching susceptibility to infection liver dysfunction acute renal failure nutritional dysfucntion
What does having anti-HBC (HepB core antigen) in serum mean?
Past infection
Signs of liver failure OE
leuconychia clubbing palmar erythema duputryens spider naevi hepatomegaly asicities
2 tests to determine synthetic function of liver
Albumin
INR
PT
[synthetis of clotting factors]
Mx of ascites
Conservative
fluid restrict
low salt diet,
Medical
diuretics
albumin infusion
Surgical
drain
Ix on ascitic fluid
WCC
Albumin
LDH
MC+S
What drug can you give in hepatic encephalopathy and why
Lactulose
Increase bowel speed
- > reduces the number of nitrogen producing bacteria
- > Less nitrogen which contributes to hepatic encephalopathy
Most common place gluten found
wheat
In severe coeliac why might endomysial antibodies be negative
severe malabsorption -> deficiency in proteins eg IgA
Name 3 Ix in coeliac
Tissue transglutinmase anti endomysial iron studies [deficiency anaemia] FBC Bone profile
name 2 conditions related to coeliac
thyroid disease
type 1 diabetes
microscopic colitis
Coeliac HLA?
HLA DQ2
Name 2 comps of coeliac
malnutrition
T cell lymphoma
gastric/oesophageal Ca
Name 2 viruses that can cause diarrhoea
rotavirus
norovirus
adenovirus
Infection control for acute infective diarrhoea
Barrier nursing
isolation of pt
PPE
Reduce contacts with PT
