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Cindy Test 3 CH. 9,13,17 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Movable intraluminal masses of congealed ingested materials that are seen on upper gastrointestinal radiographs are known as gastric ______________.

A

bezoars

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2
Q

The gastric ___________ is an out growth of tissue from the wall.

A

polyp

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3
Q

The most common tumor of the stomach is the

A

leiomyoma

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4
Q

____________ is the result of luminal obstruction and inflammation, leading to ischemia of the vermiform appendix.

A

Acute appendicitis

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5
Q

The normal appendix can occasionally be visualized with gradual ___________ on sonography.

A

compression

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6
Q

The ultrasound pattern of acute appendicitis is characterized by a(n) ____________ appearance of the appendix in transvese view.

A

target-shaped

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7
Q

A(n) _________ designates gross enlargment of the appendix from accumulation of mucoid substance within the lumen.

A

mucocele

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8
Q

_______________ is regional enteritis, a recurrent granulomatous inflammatory disease that affects the terminal ileum, colon, or both at any level.

A

Crohn’s disease

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9
Q

The appendix is located on the abdominal wall under __________________

A

McBurney’s point

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10
Q

The sonographer usually cannot see the small bowel with ultrasound; the valvulae conniventes may be seen as linear echo densities spaced 3 to 5 mm apart. This is called the “_________________” and can be seen in the duodenum and jejunum.

A

keyboard sign

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11
Q

The gastric ____________ can be seen as a target shape in the midline.

A

antrum

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12
Q

The _____________ junction is seen on the sagittal scan to the left of the midline as a bull’s-eye or target-shaped structure anterior to the aorta, posterior to the left lobe of the liver, and inferior to the hemidiaphragm.

A

gastroesophogeal

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13
Q

List the sequential parts of the digestive system.

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), larg intestine (cecum, ascending, transverse, and descending colon, rectum)

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14
Q

The lower end of the esophagus is a circular muscle that acts as a sphincter, constricting the tube so that the entrance to the stomach, at the ______, is generally closed. This helps to prevent gastric acid from moving up into the esophagus.

A

cardiac orifice

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15
Q

The pylorus is further subdivided into the _____________, the ____________ canal, and the ______________ sphincter.

A

antrum, pyloric, pyloric

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16
Q

The duodenum is subdivided into four segments: 1_______________, 2______________, 3____________, 4_______________.

A

superior, descending, transverse, ascending

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17
Q

The duodenal bulb is peritoneal, supported by the hepatoduodenal ligament, and passes _____________ to the CBD, gastroduodenal artery, common hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and head of the pancreas.

A

anterior

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18
Q

The CBD joins the pancreatic duct to enter the ____________.

A

ampulla of Vater

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19
Q

The arteries that supply the esophagus include the inferior ____________ branch of the _____________ artery that supplies the uppper esophagus; the descending _____________ aorta that supplies the midesophagus; and the __________ branch of the celiac axis and the left inferior __________ artery of the abdominal aorta that supplies the lower end of the esophagus.

A

thyroid, subclavian, thoracic, gastric, phrenic

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20
Q

The __________ outlines the small intestine and contains th superior mesenteric vessels, nerves, lymphatic glands, and fat between its two layers.

A

mesentery

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21
Q

The nutrients are transpored to the liver after they are absorbed by the ___________; the liver processes and stores the nutrients.

A

blood

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22
Q

The three layers of smooth muscle in the wall enable the stomach to mash and churn food and move it along with

A

peristalsis

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23
Q

Gastric glands secrete gastric juice containing ______ acid and ___________.

A

hydrochloric, enzymes

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24
Q

The hormone __________, which is released by the stomach mucosa, stimulates gastric acid secretion.

A

gastrin

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25
Q

Gastrointestinal hormones include _____________ and ________________.

A

cholecystokinin, secretin

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26
Q

______________ within the large intestine devour the chyme and in turn produce vitamines that can be absorbed and used by the body.

A

Bacteria

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27
Q

The most common laboratory data the sonographer may come across in a patient with gastrointestinal disease relate to the presence of _____________ in the stool.

A

blood

28
Q

As a result of chronic blood loss, _____________ may be present.

A

anemia

29
Q

Hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes.

A

cholecystokinin

30
Q

Rhythmic dilation and contraction of the gastrointestinal tract as food is propelled through it.

A

peristalsis

31
Q

Located by drawing a line from the right anterosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus; at approximatel the midpoint to this line lies the root of the appendix.

A

McBurney’s point

32
Q

Process of nutrient molecules passing through the wall of the intestine into the blood or lymph system

A

absorption

33
Q

Endocrine hormone released from the stomach; stimulates secretion of gastric acid

A

gastrin

34
Q

Localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

A

abscess

35
Q

Released from small bowel as antacid; stimulates secretion of bicarbonate

A

secretin

36
Q

Calcified deposit within the appendix; appendicitis can develop when the appendix becomes blocked by hard fecal matter

A

fecalith

37
Q

Pouchlike herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occurs in the stomach, the small intestine or, most commonly, the colon

A

diverticulum

38
Q

Malignancy of the lymph nodes, spleen, or liver

A

lymphoma

39
Q

Dilated fluid-filled bowel loops without peristalsis

A

paralytic ileus

40
Q

Characteristic of gastrointestinal wall thickening consisting of an echogenic center and a hypoechoic rim

A

target sign

41
Q

Collection of blood

A

hemorrhage

42
Q

Site of maximal tenderness in the right lower quadrant; usually with appendicitis

A

McBurney’s sign

43
Q

Accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen

A

ascites

44
Q

Congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

45
Q

Fecalith or calcification located in the appendix

A

appendicolith

46
Q

Small tumor-like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface

A

polyp

47
Q

Inflammation of the bowel, accompanied by abscess and bowel wall thickening

A

Crohn’s disease

48
Q

Ascending colon arises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon

A

hepatic flexure

49
Q

First part of the duodenum

A

duodenal bulb

50
Q

Double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum, stomach, and large intestine; helps support the greater curvature of the stomach; known as the “fatty apron”

A

greater omentum

51
Q

Help support the greater curvature of the stomach

A

gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, and lienorenal ligaments

52
Q

Fold from the parietal pertoneum that attaches to the small intestine, anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentery

53
Q

Also known as the digestive tract; includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine

A

alimentary canal

54
Q

Inner folds of the small intestine

A

villi

55
Q

Entrance of the esophagus into the stomach

A

cardiac orifice

56
Q

First layer of bowel

A

mucosa

57
Q

Helps support the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

gastrohepatic ligament

58
Q

The transverse colon travels horizontally across the abdomen and bends at this point to form the descending colon

A

splenic flexure

59
Q

One of the layers of the bowel, under the mucosal layer; contains blood vessels and lymph channels

A

submucosa

60
Q

Normal segmentation of the wall of the colon

A

haustra

61
Q

Suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver; help to support the lesser,curvature of the stomach

A

lesser omentum

62
Q

Muscle that connects the stomach to the proximal duodenum

A

pyloric canal

63
Q

Fourth layer of bowel; thin, loose layer of connective tissue, surrounded by mesothelium covering the intraperitoneal bowel loops

A

serosa

64
Q

Third layer of bowel

A

muscularis

65
Q

Normal segmentation of the small bowel

A

valvulae conniventes

66
Q

Inner folds of the stomach wall

A

rugae

67
Q

Fifth layer of bowel

A

mesothelium

Cindy Test 3 CH. 9,13,17 (3 decks)

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