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Last EOR exam > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Celiac Disease located in the GI tract?

what is another name for this disease?

A

Small bowel

Sprue

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2
Q

What is Celiac Disease

A

Autoimmune reaction to alpha-gliadin in gluten
resulting in loss of villie and absorptive area
leading to malabsorption, bolating and pain

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3
Q

Key terms for this diangosis

Rash on neck/elbows/truck with bloating, abd pain and weight loss

A

Celiac Disease

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4
Q

What is the rash seen with Celiac Disease

where is it located ?

A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Itchy, extensor surfaces, neck, trunk and scalp

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5
Q

What lab test is best for Celiac Disease

A

IgA antibody

transglutaminase antibody

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6
Q

what is the definitive diagnosis for Celiac Disease

A

Colonoscopy with small bowel biopsy

small bowel will have blunted villi

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7
Q

What is the treatment for Celiac Disease

A

Gluten free diet
No wheat, rye or barley
can eat rice and corn

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8
Q

what are s/s of Lactose intolerance

A

abd pain, loose stools, flatulence,

borborygmi (loud grumbling) with ingestion of milk products

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9
Q

what is the best test of choice for lactose intolerance

A

Hydrogen breath test

-hydrogen is produced by unigested lactose being fermeted by the colon bacteria

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10
Q

Vitamin C - another name

A

Ascorbic acid

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11
Q

what are some reasons someone would be Vitamin C deficent

A

they are not eating fruits and vegetables

smoker

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12
Q

A lack of Vitamin C will lead to what disease ?

A

Scurvy- weakness, vascular fragility (collagen doesn’t produce right)
recurrent hemorrhaged in gums, skin (around hair follicles) and joints
impaired wound healing
hyperkeratotic papules

3 H’s - Hyperkeratosis, hemorrhage, hematologic

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13
Q

Key terms for this disease- vascular fragility, red dots seen in the gums, skin and joint pain
wounds have delayed healing and hyperkeratotic papules

A

Scurvy = Vitamin C deficency

3 H’s - Hyperkeratosis, hemorrhage, hematologic

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14
Q

A lack of Vitamin D will lead to what disease in adults ?

in children?

A

Osteomalacia = diffuse body pains, weakness and fractures, *looser lines (fracture lines in the bones)
Rickets - children = bowed legs, fracutures, dental problems

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15
Q

Key terms for this disease- child with bowed legs multiple fractures, dental teeth issues, developmental delays ad muscle weakness

A

Rickets - children

A lack of Vitamin D

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16
Q

Ergocalciferol is treatment for what ?

A

Vitamin D

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17
Q

What does Vitamin A do ?

A 
it is for 
Vision 
immune function
embryo development 
hematopoiesis- making new RBC's 
skin and cells health
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18
Q

A lack of Vitamin A will lead to what disease ?

A

Vision changes- especially night blindness*
immune decrease- poor wound healing
squamous metaplasia*
Bitot spots- white spots on the conjunctiva
xeropthalmia- dry eyes
alopecia- loosing hair
taste loss

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19
Q

Bitot spots are seen in what Vitamin deficency?

A

Vitamin A

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20
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- squamous metaplasis, poor wound healiing, white spots on the conjuncitva, dry eyes, loosing hair with taste loss

A

Vitamin A

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21
Q 
What is the other name for these vitamins
B1
B2
B3
B6
B12
A 
B1- Thiamine
B2- Riboflavin
B3- Niacin
B6-Pyridoxine
B12- Cobalamine
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22
Q

Thiamine, what vitamin?

A

B1

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23
Q

Riboflavin, what vitamin?

A

B2

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24
Q

Niacin, what vitamin?

A

B3

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25
Q

Pyridoxine, what vitamin?

A

B6

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26
Q

Cobalamine, what vitamin?

A

B12

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27
Q

What is the most common cause for Vitamine B1 deficency

A

Thaimine- Alcoholics

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28
Q

B1 deficency can lead to what 3 conditions ?

A
  1. beriberi
  2. wernicke’s
  3. Korsakoff’s dementia
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29
Q

What is Beriberi ?

A

Vitmain B1 deficency two types Dry and Wet
Dry- parasthesia (numbness), demyelination, symmmeteric impairment of sensory and motor relfexes
muscle wasting
Wet- high urine output failure, dilated cardiomyopathy and edema

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30
Q

what is Wernicke’s Encephalopathy ?

A

Vitamin B1 deficency causing

  1. opthalmoplegia (eye muscles dont work)
  2. ataxia (hand bumping, cant walk straight)
  3. Global confusion
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31
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- symmeteric sensory and motor loss, muscle wasting

A

B1 deficiency- Dry Beriberi

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32
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- high urine output failure, dilated caridomyopathy and edma

A

B1 deficiency- Wet Beriberi

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33
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- cant move eye’’s around due to weakness, ataxia with raised hands, and confused.

A

B1 deficiency- Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

34
Q

what is Korsakoff’s Dementia?

A

B1 deficiency- resulting in memory loss mainly short term, confabulation. that is irrevesible

35
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- resulting in memory loss mainly short term, confabulation. that is irreversible

A

B1 deficiency- Korsakoff’s Dementia

36
Q

What does vitamin B2 cause?

A

Riboflavin- oral-ocular-gential syndrome
1. oral- mouth lesion, magenta colored tongue
angular cheilitis
2. ocular- photophobis and corneal lesions
3. genital- scrotal dermatitis

37
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis-

lesions in the mouth, red colored tongue, angular cheilitis, corneal lesions and scrotal dermatitis

A

B2 Riboflavin deficiency

38
Q

What does Niacin deficiency cause?

A 
3'D's 
Diarrhea 
Dementia 
Dermatitis
(foods high in niacin are usually meats)
this person with a deficieny will be vegan
39
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis

diarrhea, confused cant remember, dermatitis rash/skin bumps

A

Niacin (B3) deficiency

40
Q

What does Pyridoxine B6 deficiency cause?

A 
peripehral neruopathy
flaky skin 
headaches
anemia
sore tongue
stomatitis
seizures
41
Q

What are some common causes of Pyridoxine B6 deficiency

A 
Alcohol 
Isoniazid
Oral contraceptives
vegans
malabsortption from celiac or crohn's 
PPI's
42
Q

What does B12 deficiency cause

A 
Coblamine
*pernicious anemia
neruo symptoms
parasthesia 
gait abnormalities
memory loss 
dementia
glossitis 
macrocytic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils
43
Q

What is Pernicious anemia?

A

Vitamin B12 deficency- cobalamine

autoimmune destruction/loss of gastric parietal cells that decrease intrinsic factor

44
Q

what is the best test for Pernicious anemia

A

Schilling test

tests for the antibody

45
Q

what is the most common cause of gastroenteritis?

A

Norovirus

46
Q

what is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children?

A

Rotavirus

47
Q

describe non-invavsie gastroenteritis

A

vomiting watery voluminous diarrhea

with no fecal WBC’s or blood

48
Q

describe invasive gastroenteritits

A

vomiting watery voluminous diarrhea

with fecal WBC’s or blood, fevers

49
Q

key terms for this diagnosis- food contamination most common in diary, mayonnaise, meats and eggs
self-limiting

A

Staphylococcus

50
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- diarrhea with no WBC’s, ctaminated food with fried rice. usually self-limitis

A

Bacillus Cereus

51
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- gram negative rod. transmitted through contaminated food and water usually abroad. outbreaks during poor sanitation and over crowing. copious watery rice water stools
gray no odor blood or pus.
fatal due to hypovolemia

A

Vibrio cholerae

52
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- unpeeled fruits, unsanitary drinking water/ice usually after traveling

A

Enterotoxogenic E. Coli

53
Q

What is the treatment for Enterotoxogenic E. Coli

A

Fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)

54
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- nosocomial diarrhea

overgrowth of normal flora

A

Clostridium Difficlile

55
Q

complications of Clostridium Difficlile

A

Lymphocytosis
Pseudomembranous colitis
toxic mega colon

56
Q

treatment for Clostridium Difficlile

A

Metronidazole

vancomycin

57
Q

name all invasive gastroenterisis

A 
Shilgella 
Yersina Entercolotici
Salmonella
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli 0157:H7
Camypylobater Enteritis
58
Q

key terms for this diagnosis- Gram neg rod
crampy lower abd pain, high fever, explosive watery diarrhea with mucous or blood. WBC >50,000
in children- febrile seizures.

A

Shingella

59
Q

Diagnostic tests for Shigella

A

WBC >50,000

sigmoid = punctate areas of ulceration

60
Q

Treatment for Shigella

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (bactrium)

fluroqinolones - ciprofloxacin

61
Q

key terms for this diagnosis- containmined pork, milk water or tofu
abd pain in right low quad- mimic appendicitis
abd guarding
fevers

A

Yersinia Enterocolitica

62
Q

Treatment of Yersinia Enterocolitica

A

Fluoquinolones- ciprofloaxcin, levofloxacin

63
Q

key terms for this diagnosis- gastroenteriris from poultry, dairy or exotic pets like retiles-turtles
high risk patients- immunocomproised with pea-soup stools, fevers*

A

Salmonella typhimurium

64
Q

Treatment for Salmonella typhimurium

A

Fluroquinolones

ceftriazone -> two weeks if severe

65
Q

key terms for this diagnosis- gastroenteriris from undercooked gorund beef, unpasterurized milk/apple cider, day care or contaminated water
bloody diarrhea with fevers

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli 0157: H7

66
Q

Treatment for Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli 0157: H7

A

controversial

increases risk of HUS in children

67
Q

key terms for this diagnosis- gastroenteritis from gram neg rod from poulty, raw milk, water and dairy cattle
watery diarrhea that turns to bloody diarrhea
with fevers

A

Camplyobacter Enteritis (seagull shaped rod)
C. Jejuni
most common in post-infectious guillain Barre syndrome

68
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in the united states

A

Camplyobacter Enteritis

C. Jejuni

69
Q

Treatment for Camplyobacter Enteritis

A

Erythromycin*
fluoroquinolones
doxycycline

70
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- contaminated water from streams/wells
beavers are the reservior
frothy greasy foul smelling diarrhea
no blood or pus

A

Giardia lamblia

71
Q

how do you avoid Giardia lamblia

A

boil water for 1 min to kill cysts

72
Q

Treatment for Giardia lamblia

A

Metronidazole (flagyl) - tinidazole, albendazole, quinacrine
in children- furazolidone

73
Q

What is the most common amebiasis in travelers or developing countries?

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

74
Q

key terms for this diagnosis- found in a travler, dysentery, amebic liver abcess

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

75
Q

Treatment for Entamoeba Histolytica

A

Metronidazole (flagyl)

76
Q

what is the most common cause of diarrhea in AIDS patients

A

Cryptosoridium

77
Q

what are some cause of Rapid transit of Gi contents causing Osmotic Diarrhea

A

Lactulose (sugars that pull water into the gut)
Sorbitol (sugars that pull water into the gut)
Antacids (pepto, tums, alka-selzer, milk of magnesia)

78
Q

what are some cause of Bacterial overgrowth causing Osmotic Diarrhea

A

Whipple’s disease- Tropheryma whippelii

Tropical sprue

79
Q

what are some cause of Malabsorption abnormalities causing Osmotic Diarrhea

A

celiac sprue
pancreatic insufficiency
lactose intolerance

80
Q

normal osmotic gap large volume diarrhea with fasting

A

secretory diarrhea

81
Q

what are the causes of Secretory Diarrhea

A
  1. serotonin
  2. calcitonin
  3. gastrin
  4. Thyroxine
    * laxative abuse

Last EOR exam (6 decks)

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