Fungal, Gram pos, Gram neg Flashcards
1
Q
Treatment for oral thrust
A
Nystatin
2
Q
Treatment for Vaginal Thrush
A
Clotrimazole
Miconazole
3
Q
Treatment for Intertrigo
A
Clotrimazole topical
4
Q
Key terms for this diagnosis- the most common opportunistic pathogen with potassium hydroxide smear +
A
Candidiasis
5
Q
Treatment for Candidiasis esophagitis
A
Fuconazole PO
6
Q
Key terms- most common pneumonai or meningioencephalitis in immunocomproised patietns
A
Cryptococcocsis
7
Q
Key terms- transmitted by immunocompromised patient inhaling pigeon or bird droppings
A
Cryptococcocsis
8
Q
What is the most common cause of fungal meningitis
A
Cryptococcocsis
9
Q
India Ink stain +
A
Cryptococcocsis
10
Q
Treatment for Cryptococcocsis
A
Amphotericin B
Flucytosine
11
Q
What are AIDS defining illness
A
Cryptococcocsis
Histoplasmosis
12
Q
Key terms- soil containing bird or bat droppings
near the Mississippi or Ohio river
leading to pneumonia
A
Histoplasmosis
13
Q
Treatment for Histoplasmosis
A
Moderate- Itraconzole
Severe- Amphotericine B
14
Q
Key terms- HIV patient with CD4 count <200
cough, fever, CXR bilateral diffuse intersstitial inflitrates
A
Pneumocystis Jiroveci - PCP pneumonia
15
Q
Treatment for Pneumocystis Jiroveci - PCP pneumonia
A
Bactrium - Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Add a steroid if their o2 stat is low
16
Q
Large sepstate hyphae found in garden and houseplant soil
affects the luns, sinuses and CNS
both in healthy and immunocompromised
A
Aspergillosis
17
Q
Type of Aspergillosis- Most common with asthma and cystic fibrosis due to airway hypersensitivity reaction to fungus. Eosinophilia
A
Allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
18
Q
Type of Aspergillosis- Asymptomatic or coughing up blood. found on CXR by accident. fungus colonizes in a preexisiting cavity pulmonary lesion
A
Aspergilloma
“fungal ball”
19
Q
Type of Aspergillosis- most common in immunosuppressed patients. Chronic pneumonia, fevers, weight loss
cavitary lesions found on CXR
A
Chronic Necrotizing plumonary Aspergillosis
there is another type of chronic
chronic necrotizing disseminated
symptoms are the same exepct their is a brain abscess present
20
Q
Type of Aspergillosis- with invavsive chronic sinusitis
fever, headaches, nose bleeds
A
Acute invasive Aspergillosis
21
Q
Biopsy of nose tissue shows- dusky necrotic tissue
A
Aspergillosis
22
Q
Treatment for Allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
A
Steroids
chest physical therapy
Itraconazole
23
Q
Treatment for severe aspergillosis
- chronic, necrotizing
A
High dose Voriconazole
with surgical debridement
24
Q
Treatment for Aspergilloma
A
Symptomatic- surgery
non symptoms- observe
25
Key terms- healthy man in the outdoors by soil and decaying wood or by waterways like Mississippi, ohio or great lakes causing pyogranulmatous fungal infection
Blastomycosis dermatitidis
26
Key terms- Healthy man outdoors weeks ago now has flu like/pneumonia like cough, fevers, chest pain
skin has verrucous or crusted/ulcerated lesions
most common in the lungs, skin and gone
can cause prostatis or epididmyitis
Blastomycosis dermatitidis
27
Key terms- southwestern Us, HIV or immunocompromised patient wiht flu-like symptoms, fever, joint pain in knees and ankles
erythema nodosum or erythema multiforme
Coccidioidomycosis
28
Treatment for Coccidioidomycosis
self-limiting usually
Fluconazole
severe Amphotericin B
29
What is the centor criteria
Streptococcal pharyngitis criteria
1. fever
2. pharyngotonsillar exudate
3. tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
4. absence of cough
add a point if less than 15 and subtract if >40
if 4-5 points give them antibiotics
30
Key terms for this diagnosis- child with erythematous blanching sandpaper rash taht startes on neck/upper trunk and is now on cheeks/forehead flushed with circumoral pallor. Throat is red with red tongue
Scarlet FEVER - Streptococcal
31
what is the definitive diagnosis for Streptococcal phyarngitis
Throat culture
32
Treatment for Streptococcal pharyngitis
Penicillin G
penicillin VK
Augmentin
if allergic to penicillin macrolides - erythromycin
33
what are complications of Streptococcal pharyngitis
Rheumatic Fever
| Acute Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
34
what is the most common cause of pharyngitis
Viral is the most common
| then bacterial group A
35
what is Impetigo caused by?
Group A beta hemolytic Strep
| Staphylococcus aureus
36
key terms- bullous and nonbullous types
| nonbullous honey colored crusts on arms, legs, face
Impetigo
| non-bullous most common
37
Treatment for Impetigo
Topical Mupirocin - Bactroban
because it is caused by strep or staph
Po keflex or erythromycin
38
What bacterial causes Cellulitis
Staphylococcus aureus
| Group A strep
39
Key terms- red swollen tender hot skin with fever/chills and swollen lymph nodes
Cellulitis
40
Treatment for Cellulitis
Cephalexin
| if allergic- clindamyin or erythromycin
41
Treatment for MRSA
Bactrium
42
Key terms- type of cellulitis with well demarcated areas on the face
Erysipelas- St anthony's fire
43
Treatment for Erysipelas
caused by strep
IV penicillin
vancomycin
44
Key terms- type of cellulitis with red streaking along a lymph vessel
Lymphangitis
45
Key terms- type of cellulitis from a cat or dog bite
pasteurella multocida
46
Treatment for a cat or dog bite cellulitis
Augmentin
47
Treatment for a human bite wound
| what type of bacteria
Eikenella
48
key terms- rapid progressive infection through the fascia, extreme pain out of proportion to physical exam then develop blue, hemorhagic bullae (blisters)
that lead to gangrene and septic shock
Necrotizing Fasciitis
49
Treatment for Necrotizing Fasciitis
Sugery asap need debridement
| broat spectrum antibiotics- unasyn, zozyn
50
Key terms- pain over a bone, xray shows periosteal reaction, elevated ESR
Osteomyelitis
51
What is the most common bacteria found with Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient
Salmonella
52
What is the most common bacteria to cause Osteomyelitis
Staphylococcus Aureus
53
What is the gold standard test for Osteomyelitis
Bone Biopsy
54
Treatment for Osteomyelitis
| what is the treatment if they have sickle cell
Nafcillin or Oxacillin
with Unasyn or Zosyn
Sickle cell-> fluoquinolone
55
What is the most common bacteria with septic arthritis
Staphylococcus aureus
| N. gonorrhea in young sexually active
56
key terms- single swollen warm painful joint
worse with ROM, fevers, joint aspiration >50,000WBC
neutrophils
septic arthritis
57
Treatment for septic arthritis
Arthrotomy
staph- Nafcillin
Gonorrhea- Ceftriazone
58
Key terms- inhalation leading to friable gray/white membrane on the pharynx that bleeds when scraped
neck swelling, fevers, myocarditis
Corynebacterium Diphtehriae
59
Treatment for Corynebacterium Diphtehriae
Antitoxin- horse serum
| erythromycin or penicillin for 2 weeks
60
Key terms- An infection that gets into a skin abrasion or puncture wound from raw fish, shellfish, raw poultry
causing pain/burning/tingling edema that is purplish with sharp irregular boarded
Erysipeloid
| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae- Gram pos
61
Treatment for Erysipeloid
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae- Gram pos
| Pen G
62
Key terms- gram pos rod wit ha neurotoxin that infects puncture woulds and crush wounds leading to local muscle spasms, then neck/jaw stiffness drooling, risus sardonicus (spasm of the facial muscles)
Clostridium Tetani
| Tetanus
63
Treatment for Clostridium Tetani
Metronizdazole
Tetanus Immune globulin 5,000 units
Diazpam for muscle spasms
64
What does Clostridium Perfringens cause
Gas Gangrene
65
Key terms- Trauma or drug injection user, acute onset of pain and edema by the wound, brown/blood watery exudate and creptius, soft tissue x-ray will show air
Clostridium Perfringens -> gas Gangerene
66
Treatment for gas ganrene
Clostridium Perfringens - Gram pos rod
| Penicillin 2 million units every 3 hours IV
67
What is a spore forming gram pos rod that cause weakness, flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest
Clostridium Botulinum
68
Key terms- ingestion of canned, smoked or vacuum packed foods or a child who ingests honey-> diplopia, dry mouth, dysphagia, dysarthria, fixed pupil, weakness, flaccid paralysis, weak cry and failure to thrive
Clostridium Botulinum
69
Treatment for Clostridium Botulinum
Antitoxin
respiratory support- intubation
no abx can make it worse because of the toxin
70
Non-spore forming endotonxin gram pos bacilli
| Found in cold deli meats and unpasteruized dairy products
Listeria monocytogenes
71
What can Listeria monocytogenes do in a pregnant women?
3rd trimester fevers
| premature labor and stillbirth
72
Treatment for Listeroisis
IV amipicillin + gentamincin
73
what is the most common cause of STD infection
Chlamydia
74
complication of Chlamydia
1. pelvic inflammatory disease
2. Reactive arthritis - Reiter's syndrome
3. Lymphogranuloma vereum - gential softening with palpate lymph nodes
75
Treatment for Chlamydia
1gram of Azithromycin or doxycycline
and treat for gonorrhea
ceftriaxone 250 IM
76
Most common cause of Urethritis in men
Neisseria gonorrhoeae - gram neg diplocci
77
Key terms- anal, vaginal, penile or pharynegeal discharge, PID, epididymitis, arthritis in the knee
Neisseria gonorrhoeae - gram neg diplocci
78
Treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Ceftrixaone 250g IM
with treatment for chlamydia
Azithromycin 1 gram
79
Key terms- fever, headache, photophboic, neck stiffness, purpuric rash
Neisseria meningitidis
80
Kernig's sign
Hip and knee bent to 90 degrees and painful knee extension
81
Brudzinski's sign
neck flexion causes involuntary flexion of the knee or hip
82
Treatment for Neisseria meningitidis
1. Penicillin G
| 2. if exposed ciprofloxacin or Rifampin
83
What is the bacteria that causes Chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi
84
key terms- sexually transmitted disease spread by a break in the skin -> painful genital ulcer, bubo, and can cause abscess
Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi
85
Treatment for Chancroid
Axithromycin 1 g once
86
What causes Cat Scratch disease
Bartonella henselae
87
key terms- 2-4 weeks ago cat bite, now red/brown papule ulcer with fever and malaise
lymphadenopathy
Cat Scratch disease
88
Treatment for Cat Scratch disease
Self-limiting usually requiring sxatic therapy
warm compresses
amoxicillin
89
key terms - highly contagious infection transmitted by respirtory droplets
coughing fits and post vomiting emesis
Pertussis - whooping cough
90
what the phases of Pertussis
Catarrhal
Paroxysmal
Convalescent
91
Treatment for Pertussis
Erythromycin
92
what is the organism that causes Epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenzae
93
Treatment for Epiglottitis
Amoxicillin
94
what is the organism that causes Tularemia
Francisella Tularensis
95
Key terms- tramission from tick/insect bite or handling animal tissues. rabbits are a reservior
fevers, single papule at the site of inoculation
central eschar and tender regional lymphadenopathy
Tularemia
96
Treatment for Tularemia
Streptomycin
97
key terms- gram neg coccobaccilii, animals are the vector- goat, sheep cattle hogs, seen in mexico
ingestion of infected unpasteruized milk or cheese
flu like s/s
Brucellosis
98
Treatment for Brucellosis
Doxycycline + Rifampin
99
Key terms- pink/red bumps filled with pus around hair follicles that is all over their body, exposure to water source- common warm water
hot tub follliculitis
100
Treatment for hot tub follliculitis
usually resolves 7-14 days
| ciprofloxacin
101
Key terms- gram pos spore forming rod, cattle, horses, goats, sheep and swine
painless black skin lesions, flu like s/s, mediastinum widening on CXR
Anthrax
| cutaneous black eschar is the most common
102
Treatment for Anthrax
Ciprofloxacin
103
Key terms- exposure to sheep, goats, main symptoms is pneumonia and endocarditis
Q fever - coxiella burnetii
104
key terms- transmitted from infected rodents and fleas person to person from droplets
acute swollen extremely painful nodes that are big
in groin, axilla and cervical
can lead to gangrene and DIC
Plague- Yersinia pestis
| Bubo's
105
Treatment
| Plague- Yersinia pestis
Streptomycin
| can die from pneumonia or meningitis
