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Last EOR exam > Fungal, Gram pos, Gram neg > Flashcards

Fungal, Gram pos, Gram neg Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for oral thrust

A

Nystatin

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2
Q

Treatment for Vaginal Thrush

A

Clotrimazole

Miconazole

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3
Q

Treatment for Intertrigo

A

Clotrimazole topical

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4
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- the most common opportunistic pathogen with potassium hydroxide smear +

A

Candidiasis

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5
Q

Treatment for Candidiasis esophagitis

A

Fuconazole PO

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6
Q

Key terms- most common pneumonai or meningioencephalitis in immunocomproised patietns

A

Cryptococcocsis

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7
Q

Key terms- transmitted by immunocompromised patient inhaling pigeon or bird droppings

A

Cryptococcocsis

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of fungal meningitis

A

Cryptococcocsis

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9
Q

India Ink stain +

A

Cryptococcocsis

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10
Q

Treatment for Cryptococcocsis

A

Amphotericin B

Flucytosine

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11
Q

What are AIDS defining illness

A

Cryptococcocsis

Histoplasmosis

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12
Q

Key terms- soil containing bird or bat droppings
near the Mississippi or Ohio river
leading to pneumonia

A

Histoplasmosis

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13
Q

Treatment for Histoplasmosis

A

Moderate- Itraconzole

Severe- Amphotericine B

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14
Q

Key terms- HIV patient with CD4 count <200

cough, fever, CXR bilateral diffuse intersstitial inflitrates

A

Pneumocystis Jiroveci - PCP pneumonia

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15
Q

Treatment for Pneumocystis Jiroveci - PCP pneumonia

A

Bactrium - Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

Add a steroid if their o2 stat is low

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16
Q

Large sepstate hyphae found in garden and houseplant soil
affects the luns, sinuses and CNS
both in healthy and immunocompromised

A

Aspergillosis

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17
Q

Type of Aspergillosis- Most common with asthma and cystic fibrosis due to airway hypersensitivity reaction to fungus. Eosinophilia

A

Allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

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18
Q

Type of Aspergillosis- Asymptomatic or coughing up blood. found on CXR by accident. fungus colonizes in a preexisiting cavity pulmonary lesion

A

Aspergilloma

“fungal ball”

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19
Q

Type of Aspergillosis- most common in immunosuppressed patients. Chronic pneumonia, fevers, weight loss
cavitary lesions found on CXR

A

Chronic Necrotizing plumonary Aspergillosis
there is another type of chronic
chronic necrotizing disseminated
symptoms are the same exepct their is a brain abscess present

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20
Q

Type of Aspergillosis- with invavsive chronic sinusitis

fever, headaches, nose bleeds

A

Acute invasive Aspergillosis

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21
Q

Biopsy of nose tissue shows- dusky necrotic tissue

A

Aspergillosis

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22
Q

Treatment for Allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

Steroids
chest physical therapy
Itraconazole

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23
Q

Treatment for severe aspergillosis

- chronic, necrotizing

A

High dose Voriconazole

with surgical debridement

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24
Q

Treatment for Aspergilloma

A

Symptomatic- surgery

non symptoms- observe

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25
Q

Key terms- healthy man in the outdoors by soil and decaying wood or by waterways like Mississippi, ohio or great lakes causing pyogranulmatous fungal infection

A

Blastomycosis dermatitidis

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26
Q

Key terms- Healthy man outdoors weeks ago now has flu like/pneumonia like cough, fevers, chest pain
skin has verrucous or crusted/ulcerated lesions
most common in the lungs, skin and gone
can cause prostatis or epididmyitis

A

Blastomycosis dermatitidis

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27
Q

Key terms- southwestern Us, HIV or immunocompromised patient wiht flu-like symptoms, fever, joint pain in knees and ankles
erythema nodosum or erythema multiforme

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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28
Q

Treatment for Coccidioidomycosis

A

self-limiting usually
Fluconazole
severe Amphotericin B

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29
Q

What is the centor criteria

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis criteria
1. fever
2. pharyngotonsillar exudate
3. tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
4. absence of cough
add a point if less than 15 and subtract if >40
if 4-5 points give them antibiotics

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30
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- child with erythematous blanching sandpaper rash taht startes on neck/upper trunk and is now on cheeks/forehead flushed with circumoral pallor. Throat is red with red tongue

A

Scarlet FEVER - Streptococcal

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31
Q

what is the definitive diagnosis for Streptococcal phyarngitis

A

Throat culture

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32
Q

Treatment for Streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Penicillin G
penicillin VK
Augmentin
if allergic to penicillin macrolides - erythromycin

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33
Q

what are complications of Streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Rheumatic Fever

Acute Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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34
Q

what is the most common cause of pharyngitis

A

Viral is the most common

then bacterial group A

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35
Q

what is Impetigo caused by?

A

Group A beta hemolytic Strep

Staphylococcus aureus

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36
Q

key terms- bullous and nonbullous types

nonbullous honey colored crusts on arms, legs, face

A

Impetigo

non-bullous most common

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37
Q

Treatment for Impetigo

A

Topical Mupirocin - Bactroban
because it is caused by strep or staph
Po keflex or erythromycin

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38
Q

What bacterial causes Cellulitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Group A strep

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39
Q

Key terms- red swollen tender hot skin with fever/chills and swollen lymph nodes

A

Cellulitis

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40
Q

Treatment for Cellulitis

A

Cephalexin

if allergic- clindamyin or erythromycin

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41
Q

Treatment for MRSA

A

Bactrium

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42
Q

Key terms- type of cellulitis with well demarcated areas on the face

A

Erysipelas- St anthony’s fire

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43
Q

Treatment for Erysipelas

A

caused by strep
IV penicillin
vancomycin

44
Q

Key terms- type of cellulitis with red streaking along a lymph vessel

A

Lymphangitis

45
Q

Key terms- type of cellulitis from a cat or dog bite

A

pasteurella multocida

46
Q

Treatment for a cat or dog bite cellulitis

A

Augmentin

47
Q

Treatment for a human bite wound

what type of bacteria

A

Eikenella

48
Q

key terms- rapid progressive infection through the fascia, extreme pain out of proportion to physical exam then develop blue, hemorhagic bullae (blisters)
that lead to gangrene and septic shock

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

49
Q

Treatment for Necrotizing Fasciitis

A

Sugery asap need debridement

broat spectrum antibiotics- unasyn, zozyn

50
Q

Key terms- pain over a bone, xray shows periosteal reaction, elevated ESR

A

Osteomyelitis

51
Q

What is the most common bacteria found with Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient

A

Salmonella

52
Q

What is the most common bacteria to cause Osteomyelitis

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

53
Q

What is the gold standard test for Osteomyelitis

A

Bone Biopsy

54
Q

Treatment for Osteomyelitis

what is the treatment if they have sickle cell

A

Nafcillin or Oxacillin
with Unasyn or Zosyn
Sickle cell-> fluoquinolone

55
Q

What is the most common bacteria with septic arthritis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

N. gonorrhea in young sexually active

56
Q

key terms- single swollen warm painful joint
worse with ROM, fevers, joint aspiration >50,000WBC
neutrophils

A

septic arthritis

57
Q

Treatment for septic arthritis

A

Arthrotomy
staph- Nafcillin
Gonorrhea- Ceftriazone

58
Q

Key terms- inhalation leading to friable gray/white membrane on the pharynx that bleeds when scraped
neck swelling, fevers, myocarditis

A

Corynebacterium Diphtehriae

59
Q

Treatment for Corynebacterium Diphtehriae

A

Antitoxin- horse serum

erythromycin or penicillin for 2 weeks

60
Q

Key terms- An infection that gets into a skin abrasion or puncture wound from raw fish, shellfish, raw poultry
causing pain/burning/tingling edema that is purplish with sharp irregular boarded

A

Erysipeloid

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae- Gram pos

61
Q

Treatment for Erysipeloid

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae- Gram pos

Pen G

62
Q

Key terms- gram pos rod wit ha neurotoxin that infects puncture woulds and crush wounds leading to local muscle spasms, then neck/jaw stiffness drooling, risus sardonicus (spasm of the facial muscles)

A

Clostridium Tetani

Tetanus

63
Q

Treatment for Clostridium Tetani

A

Metronizdazole
Tetanus Immune globulin 5,000 units
Diazpam for muscle spasms

64
Q

What does Clostridium Perfringens cause

A

Gas Gangrene

65
Q

Key terms- Trauma or drug injection user, acute onset of pain and edema by the wound, brown/blood watery exudate and creptius, soft tissue x-ray will show air

A

Clostridium Perfringens -> gas Gangerene

66
Q

Treatment for gas ganrene

A

Clostridium Perfringens - Gram pos rod

Penicillin 2 million units every 3 hours IV

67
Q

What is a spore forming gram pos rod that cause weakness, flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest

A

Clostridium Botulinum

68
Q

Key terms- ingestion of canned, smoked or vacuum packed foods or a child who ingests honey-> diplopia, dry mouth, dysphagia, dysarthria, fixed pupil, weakness, flaccid paralysis, weak cry and failure to thrive

A

Clostridium Botulinum

69
Q

Treatment for Clostridium Botulinum

A

Antitoxin
respiratory support- intubation
no abx can make it worse because of the toxin

70
Q

Non-spore forming endotonxin gram pos bacilli

Found in cold deli meats and unpasteruized dairy products

A

Listeria monocytogenes

71
Q

What can Listeria monocytogenes do in a pregnant women?

A

3rd trimester fevers

premature labor and stillbirth

72
Q

Treatment for Listeroisis

A

IV amipicillin + gentamincin

73
Q

what is the most common cause of STD infection

A

Chlamydia

74
Q

complication of Chlamydia

A
  1. pelvic inflammatory disease
  2. Reactive arthritis - Reiter’s syndrome
  3. Lymphogranuloma vereum - gential softening with palpate lymph nodes
75
Q

Treatment for Chlamydia

A

1gram of Azithromycin or doxycycline
and treat for gonorrhea
ceftriaxone 250 IM

76
Q

Most common cause of Urethritis in men

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae - gram neg diplocci

77
Q

Key terms- anal, vaginal, penile or pharynegeal discharge, PID, epididymitis, arthritis in the knee

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae - gram neg diplocci

78
Q

Treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftrixaone 250g IM
with treatment for chlamydia
Azithromycin 1 gram

79
Q

Key terms- fever, headache, photophboic, neck stiffness, purpuric rash

A

Neisseria meningitidis

80
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

Hip and knee bent to 90 degrees and painful knee extension

81
Q

Brudzinski’s sign

A

neck flexion causes involuntary flexion of the knee or hip

82
Q

Treatment for Neisseria meningitidis

A
  1. Penicillin G

2. if exposed ciprofloxacin or Rifampin

83
Q

What is the bacteria that causes Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

84
Q

key terms- sexually transmitted disease spread by a break in the skin -> painful genital ulcer, bubo, and can cause abscess

A

Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi

85
Q

Treatment for Chancroid

A

Axithromycin 1 g once

86
Q

What causes Cat Scratch disease

A

Bartonella henselae

87
Q

key terms- 2-4 weeks ago cat bite, now red/brown papule ulcer with fever and malaise
lymphadenopathy

A

Cat Scratch disease

88
Q

Treatment for Cat Scratch disease

A

Self-limiting usually requiring sxatic therapy
warm compresses
amoxicillin

89
Q

key terms - highly contagious infection transmitted by respirtory droplets
coughing fits and post vomiting emesis

A

Pertussis - whooping cough

90
Q

what the phases of Pertussis

A

Catarrhal
Paroxysmal
Convalescent

91
Q

Treatment for Pertussis

A

Erythromycin

92
Q

what is the organism that causes Epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae

93
Q

Treatment for Epiglottitis

A

Amoxicillin

94
Q

what is the organism that causes Tularemia

A

Francisella Tularensis

95
Q

Key terms- tramission from tick/insect bite or handling animal tissues. rabbits are a reservior
fevers, single papule at the site of inoculation
central eschar and tender regional lymphadenopathy

A

Tularemia

96
Q

Treatment for Tularemia

A

Streptomycin

97
Q

key terms- gram neg coccobaccilii, animals are the vector- goat, sheep cattle hogs, seen in mexico
ingestion of infected unpasteruized milk or cheese
flu like s/s

A

Brucellosis

98
Q

Treatment for Brucellosis

A

Doxycycline + Rifampin

99
Q

Key terms- pink/red bumps filled with pus around hair follicles that is all over their body, exposure to water source- common warm water

A

hot tub follliculitis

100
Q

Treatment for hot tub follliculitis

A

usually resolves 7-14 days

ciprofloxacin

101
Q

Key terms- gram pos spore forming rod, cattle, horses, goats, sheep and swine
painless black skin lesions, flu like s/s, mediastinum widening on CXR

A

Anthrax

cutaneous black eschar is the most common

102
Q

Treatment for Anthrax

A

Ciprofloxacin

103
Q

Key terms- exposure to sheep, goats, main symptoms is pneumonia and endocarditis

A

Q fever - coxiella burnetii

104
Q

key terms- transmitted from infected rodents and fleas person to person from droplets
acute swollen extremely painful nodes that are big
in groin, axilla and cervical
can lead to gangrene and DIC

A

Plague- Yersinia pestis

Bubo’s

105
Q

Treatment

Plague- Yersinia pestis

A

Streptomycin

can die from pneumonia or meningitis

Last EOR exam (6 decks)

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