Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathoma DF > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

acute gastritis from

A

imbalnace btwn mucosal defense and acidic enironment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when does pyloric stenosis present

A

2 weeks after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

napkin ring lesion with decreased stool caliber LLQ pain and bloody stool

explain napkin ring lesion

A

left sided carcinoma

napkin ring: grows around entire lumen and sqeeuzes down on the lumen = thinner stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

progressvie dysphagia (solids to liquids) weight loss, pain, hematemesis

A

esophageal carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

zenker diverticulum

location
true or false
presents with what

A

outpouching of pharyngeal ucosa through defect in musclar wall (false divert)

arises above upper esophageal sphincter at junction of esophagus and pharynx

dysphagia, obstruction, halitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

UC or crohns: lymphoid aggregates with granulomas

A

crohns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

location in duodenum of PUD

A

anterior

when posterior can rupture and lead to bleeding from gastroduodenal artery or acute pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

benign cystic tumor with abundant lymphocytes and germinal centers (LN like stroma)
ssecond most common tumor of salivary gland

  • which gland?
A

warthin tumor

mostly in parotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

UC or crohns: strictures and string sign on image

A

crohns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

esophageal varices presents with ___ hematemesis

A

painless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

achalasia increase risk of what

A

esophageal SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most common site of h pylori in chronic gastritis

A

antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

UC or crohns: pseudopolpys, loss of haustra, lead pipe sign

A

UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

UC or crohns: crypt abscesses with neurophils

A

UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rare presentation with gastric carcnioma

A

acanthsis nigricans or leser trelat sign which is seb keratosis all over skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

omphalocele

A

persistent herniation of bowel into umbilical cord
covered by peritoneum and amnion of umbilical cord

cele = covered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adenomatous polyps due to

risk

A

neoplastic proliferation of glands

benign, but premalignant, may progress to adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bilateral inflamed parotid glands infection

what other findings

A

mumps

orchitis, pancreatitis, aseptic meningetis

-sterility and increased serum amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

defeneses for acute gastritis are

A

mucin from foveolar cells
bicarb from surface eptihelium
normal blood supply (provides nutrients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

____ is serum tumor marker that is useful for assessing treatmetn response and detecting recurrence of colorectal cancer

A

CEA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

chronic autoimmune gastritis
overall
type of HS

A

autoimune destruction of gastric parietal cells which are in stomach body and fundus

abs against parietal cells or IF
-type IV HS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

colonic carcinoma is associated with an increased risk for ___ ____ endocarditis

A

strep bovis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

serrated colonic polyps

A

hyperplastic polyps
most common
benign, no malignant potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis
due to immune complex vasculitis
can be seen after viral infection

A

bechet syndrome

HLA B27

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
UC or crohns: cobblestone mucsoa
crohns
26
relapsing abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, and change in bowel habits that improves with defecation
IBS
27
FAP with fibromatosis and osteomas
gardner syndrome
28
UC or crohns: smoking protects against
UC
29
clinical features of hirschprung disease
failure to pass meconium empty rectal vault on DRE massive dilation bowel proximal to obstruction
30
rules of 2 meckeles
2% of pop 2 inches long within 2 feet of ileocecal valve first 2 yeears of life
31
lymph node spread upper 1/3 middle 1/3 lower 1/3
upper: cervical nodes middle: mediastinal or tracheobronchial nodes lower: celiac and gastric nodes
32
UC or crohns: LLQ pain with bloody diarrhea
UC
33
clinical features of achalasia
dysphagia for solids AND liquids putrid breath high LES pressure on esophageal manometry bird beak sign
34
rectal bleed, diverticulitis, with LLQ pain, fistula with air or stool in urine
colonic diverticula
35
malignant tumor composed of mucinous and squamous cells most common malignant tumor of salivary gland usually in parotid and involves facial nerve
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
36
hamartomatous polyps throughout GI tract and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation on lips oral mucosa and genital skin
peutz jeghers q
37
whipple disease site
small bowel lamina propria foamy macrophages that are PAS postive macrpohages compress lacteals so chylomicrons cannot be transferred from enterocytes to lympathics = fat malabosrption and steatorrhea
38
older adult with IDA has
colorectal carcinoma until proven otherwise
39
main causes of gastric ulcer
h pylori and NSAIds
40
esophageal web increases risk for what
esophageal SCC
41
UC or crohns: full thickness inflammation with kinfe like FISSURES
crohns
42
risk factors with h pylori chronic gastritis
gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma
43
greatest risk for progression of adenoma to carcinoma is what
size over 2 cm, sessile growth, and villous histology
44
most common tumor of salivary gland
pleomorphic adenoma
45
duodenal biopsy of celiac most damage where
flat villi hyperplasia of crypts increased lymphocytes most damage at duodenum (think kristis dude scott)
46
UC or crohns: anywhere from mout to anus with skip lesions
crohns
47
abetalipoproteinemia inheritance defect CF
AR no B-48 or B-100 CF: malabsorption no vldl and ldl
48
diagnostic endoscopic biopsy of duodenal ulcer
hypertrophy of brunner glands
49
2 types of chronic gastritis
chronic autoimmune gastritis | chronic h pylori gastritis
50
achalasia is due to
damaged ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus located btwn inner circular layer and outer longitdunal layer of musc propria can be sen in trypans cruzi
51
meckel diverticulum is what from what
outpouch of all 3 layers (true divert) | failure of viteline duct to involute
52
distant metastasis of gastric carcinoma mainly with
liver or krukenberg
53
tumor that arises in parotid, presents as mobile, painless circumscribed mass at angle of jaw and has high rate of recurrence bc of irregular margins
pleomorphic adenoma
54
UC or crohns: toxic megacolon and carcinoma
UC
55
turcot syndrome
FAP with CNS tumors (medulloblastoma and glial tumors) think turbin
56
adenoma carcinoma seq
APC mutation = increase risk for polyp K-ras = formation of polyp p53 = increased COX = progression to carcinoma aspirin impedes this
57
APC chromosome
5
58
creeping fat
crohns
59
inheritance of peutz jeghers and risk for what
AD | colorectal, breast, and gynecologic cancer
60
prognosis FAP
must remove colon and rectum or will get carcinoma by 40 yrs old
61
DNA mismatch repair enzyes with HNPCC is increased risk for what cancers
lynch and COE colorectal, ovarian, endometrial
62
duodenal atresia associated with and CF
with DS polyhydramnios double bouble sign bilious vomiting
63
plummer vinson syndrome triad
jake plummer out for BAE beefy red tongue (atrophic glossitis) anemia esophageal webs
64
laboratory findings celiac
IgA antibodies against endomysium, tTG, or gliadin | IgG antibodies present and useful for diagnosis in individuals with IgA def (increased in pts with celiac)
65
hirschsprung disease is associated with what
down syndrome
66
late complications of celiac
small bowel carcinoma and | t cell lymphoma
67
risk factors acute gastritis
curling ulcer--> hypovolemia = decreased blood supply NSAIDs heavy alcohol chemo cushing ulcer = increased vagus nerve stim = increased acid production shock
68
clinical features of GERD
heartburn adult onset asthma and cough damage to enamel of teeth ulceration with stricture and barret esophagus later
69
UC or crohns: malabdorption with nutritianl def | calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, fistual formation
crohns
70
which carcinoma may have hoarse voice too
SCC of esophagus | recurrent laryngeal nerve
71
squamous cell carcinoma in oral cavity - risk factor - most common location - precursor lesion
alcohol and tobacco floor of mouth oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia are precursor lesions
72
sessile growth
no stalk connecting to lining
73
benign tumor with stromal (cartilage) and epithelial tissue
pleomorphic adenoma
74
UC or crohns: rectum and extend proximal to cecum with involvment continuous
UC
75
outpouching of mucosa and submucosa through muscularis propria in colon
colonic diverticula | false
76
age of colorectal screening
50
77
clinical features chronic gastritis
atrophy of mucosa and intestinal metaplasia achlorhydria with increased gastrin level and antral G cell hyperplasia megaloblastic anemia bc no IF increased risk gastric adenocarciom (intestinal type)
78
FAP inheritance
Auto dom APC gene mutation chrom 5
79
gastric ulcer can be caused by gastric carcinoma (intestinal subtype) benign vs malignant look like
beining peptic ulcers that are punched out with radiating folds of mucosa malignant ulcers are large and irregular with heaped up margins
80
autosomal dominant disorder resulting in thin walled BVs especially in the mouth and GI tract
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
81
epigastric pain ulcer that gets better with meals
duodenal ulcer
82
no involution of vitteline duct
menconium in umbillicus
83
SCC of esophagus arises where | and risk factors
middle third or upper third ``` alcohol and tobacco very hot tea achalasia (food stuck, rots) esophageal web esophageal injury from lye ingrestion in hair straightner ```
84
sialadenitis cause and bacteria
``` obstructing stone (sialolithiais) staph aureus ```
85
in children most common cause of intussusception is where adults cause?
lymphoid hyperplasia due to rotavirus in terminal ileum into cecum tumor in adults
86
similar to celiac but after infectious diarrhea | damage is where
tropical spure | jejunum and ileum
87
large irregular ulcer with heaped up margins at lesser curvature of the antrum
intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma
88
carcinoid heart disease
characterized by right sided valvular fibrosis = tricuspid regurge and pulmonary valve stenosis no left involvement bc monoamine oxidase in lung
89
UC or crohns: rlq pain with no blood in diarrhea
crohns
90
UC or crohns: terminal ileum most common
crohns
91
what would be sign of pleomorphic adenoma becoming carcinoma
signs of facial nerve damage rare
92
treatment for pyloric stenosis
myotomy
93
location of ischemic colitis and main cause
splenic flexture atheroscleoris of SMA most common cause postprandial pain and weight loss
94
raised lesion with iron deficiency anemia (bleeding) and vague pain
right sided carcinoma
95
UC or crohns: mucosal and submucosal ulcers
UC
96
tracheoesophageal fistual presents with
vomiting, polyhydramnios, and abdominal distension and aspiration
97
risk factors of GERD
lose LES tone alcohol, tobacco, obestity, fat rich diet, caffeine, hiatal hernia
98
microsatellite instability colorectal carcinoma
microsatellites are repat seq of noncoding DNA instability indicates defective DNA copy mech (DNA mismatch repeair enzymes) HNPCC due to inherited mutations in DNA mismatch repeair enzymes colorectal carcioma arises de novo (no adenomatous polyp) at early age and is right sided
99
duodenal ulcer main cuase
h pylori | rarely ZE syndrome
100
risk factors intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma
h pylori autoimmune gastritis nitrosamines blood type A

Pathoma DF (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions