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pance > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

gm neg bacteria that leads to diarrhea and is also linked to guillain barre (GBS)

A

campylobacter jejuni

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2
Q

white nails with “ground glass” appearance
distal band of reddish brown

seen in liver dz (ie cirrhosis)

A

Terry’s nails

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3
Q

true or false…

sulfasalazine is first drug of choice for inflammatory bowel disease

A

true

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4
Q

prolonged PPI use can decrease what levels?

A

B12

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5
Q

what can you give a person whos come into close contact w someone with Hep A and has not been previously vaccinated

A

immunoglobulin

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6
Q

what hemorrhoid stages for band ligation vs hemorrhoidectomy

A

band ligation= stge I, II or III

hemorrhoidectomy for stage III or IV hemorrhoid with chronic bleeding or a stage II hemorrhoid that is acutely thrombosed.

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7
Q

It is recommended that patients with a single first-degree relative with colon cancer diagnosed at or after age 60 should begin screening at age….

A

40

*with colonscopy

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8
Q

chief cells produce…

A

pepsinogen

pepsinogen –> pepsin in acidic environment

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9
Q

HCL is secreted by….

A

parietal cells

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10
Q

gastrin
histamine
Ach

all stimulate…

A

parietal cells (which produce HCl)

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11
Q

somatostatin (delta cells) inhibits…

A

gastrin

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12
Q

large intestine does mostly what absorption?

A

water

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13
Q

most of the small intestine absorption is done by the…

A

duodenum

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14
Q

secretin and CCK are in the…

A

duodenum

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15
Q

3 MC causes of infectious esophagitis

A

candida
CMV
HSV

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16
Q

linaer, yellow white plaques on EGD

A

candida

tx= fluconazole PO

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17
Q

large superficial, shallow ulcers on EGD

A

CMV

tx= gancilovir

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18
Q

small, deep ulcers on EGD

A

HSV

*tx= acylovir

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19
Q

first line dx= endoscopy

if endoscopy normal, esophageal manometry

gold standard- 24h ambulatory pH

A

GERD

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20
Q

loss of Auerbachs plexus

A

achalasia

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21
Q

failure of LES relaxation, lack of peristalsis

*dysphagia to both solids and liquids

gold standard- esophageal manometry

**“birds beak of LES”

A

achalasia

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22
Q

pharyngoesophageal pouch

dysphagia, regurg of undigested food

dx- barium swallow

(fake diverticulum bc only mucosa involvement)

A

Zenker’s diverticulum

*if lg enough, remove diverticulum
small, can observe

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23
Q

full thickness rupture of distal esophagus

*RF= repeated vomiting (ie bulimia, etoh)

crepitus, pneumomediastinum

dx= chest CT

A

boerhaave’s syndrome

**must repair surgically

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24
Q

longitudinal mucosal lacerations of gastroesophageal junction or gastric cardia

A

Mallory weiss tear

*us self limiting

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25
Q

MC type of hiatal hernia

GE junction and stomach slide into mediastinum

A

Type 1 (sliding)

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26
Q

MC esophageal neoplasm

RF= tobacco, etoh
upper 1/3 of esophagus

A

squamous cell

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27
Q

RF= Barrett’s esophagus

lower 1/3 of esophagus

A

Adenocarcinoma

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28
Q

MC cause of gastritis

A

H. pylori

29
Q

h.pylori 3 drug treatment

A

CAP

Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin
PPI

(can do flagyl instead of amox if PCN allergy)

30
Q

which is MC, duodenal or gastric ulcers

A

duodenal

31
Q

which ulcer gets better w food?

A

duodenal

(gastric gets worse w food)

32
Q

gastrinomas (gastric secreting neuroendocrine tumors)

*multiple peptic ulcers
*“kissing” ulcers

A

Zollinger Ellison syndrome

MC in duodenal wall (also seen in pancreas)

33
Q

MC type of gastric cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

*biggest RF= h.pylori

34
Q

linitis plastica on upper endoscopy

A

gastric ca

*MC=adenocarcinoma

35
Q

usually presents 3-12 weeks of life

*string sign

A

pyloric stenosis

36
Q

hepatic vein obstruction

*can be primary (due to hepatic vein thrombosis, MC)

or can be secondary to hepatic vein occlusion due to tumor obstruction

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

37
Q

decreased liver drainage, portal HTN, cirrhosis

triad:

  1. ascites
  2. hepatomegaly
  3. RUQ pain

*can also get jaundice

A

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

38
Q

management of Budd-Chiari syndrom

A
  • TIPS
  • angioplasty w stent
  • anticoag meds
  • ascites management
39
Q

increased indirect bili

A

prehepatic

hemolytic

40
Q

increased direct bili

A

post-hepatic

bile duct blockage
pancreatic ca

41
Q

increased both direct and indirect bili

A

intra-hepatic

42
Q

lactulose
neomycin
protein restriction

*can be used in management of encephalopthy due to…

A

acute hepatic failure

43
Q

AST > 2x ALT seen in…

A

alcoholic hepatitis

44
Q

only hepatitis associated with spiking fevers?

A

Hep A

(feco-oral transmission)

45
Q

tx of hep A

A

self limiting, supportive

*can give HAV immune globulin for close contacts that are not immunized

46
Q

labs show only positive anti-HBs (surface antibody)

A

immunization against Hep B

47
Q

any anti-HBc (core antibody) suggests…

A

Hep B infection

IgM= acute
IgG= chronic
48
Q

jaundice seen when bili gets above..

A

2.5

49
Q

free copper accumulation in liver, brain, kidney, cornea

kayser-fleischer rings

A

Wilsons disease

50
Q

glucose > 200
Age > 55
LDH > 350
AST > 250
WBC> 16,000

A

Ransons criteria for pancreatitis

higher the score, higher the mortality

51
Q

MC type and location of pancreatic cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

head of pancreas

52
Q

CEA, CA-19-9 are tumor markers associated with

A

pancreatic cancer

53
Q
  1. vomiting
  2. abdominal pain
  3. passage of blood per rectum, currant jelly stools
A

intussusception

54
Q

barium contrast enema is diagnostic and therapeutic for

A

intussusception

55
Q

Endomysial IgA Ab
transglutaminase Ab
Small bowel biopsy

A

Celiac dz

56
Q

diverticulitis tx

A

cipro and flagyl

57
Q

colon > 6 cm

A

toxic megacolon

58
Q

which is transmural, chrons or UC?

A

chrons

59
Q

MC location of Chrons

A

terminal ileum

60
Q

+ ASCA

A

chrons

61
Q

+P-ANCA

A

Ulcerative colitis

62
Q

true or false

progression of IBD treatment:

  1. aminosalicylates (sulfasalazine, mesalamine)
  2. steroids
  3. immune modifying agents
A

true

63
Q

polyp with the highest risk of becoming cancerous

A

villous adenoma

64
Q

inguinal canal tract

MC in young kids and young adults

R side more common

**lateral to epigastric vessels

A

indirect hernia

65
Q

weakness in Hesselbach’s triangle

does not reach scrotum

A

direct hernia

66
Q

inferior epigastric vessels (artery)
rectus muscle/sheath
inguinal ligament

A

Hesselbach’s triange

*direct hernias go thru this

67
Q

two hernias MC in women

A

femoral
obturator

68
Q

at what age do you repair an umbilical hernia in a kid?

A

5 yo

69
Q

this deficiency leads to pellagra:

  • diarrhea
  • dementia
  • dermatitis
A

Niacin (B3)

pance (10 decks)

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