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GI Flashcards

1
Q

gm neg bacteria that leads to diarrhea and is also linked to guillain barre (GBS)

A

campylobacter jejuni

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2
Q

white nails with “ground glass” appearance
distal band of reddish brown

seen in liver dz (ie cirrhosis)

A

Terry’s nails

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3
Q

true or false…

sulfasalazine is first drug of choice for inflammatory bowel disease

A

true

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4
Q

prolonged PPI use can decrease what levels?

A

B12

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5
Q

what can you give a person whos come into close contact w someone with Hep A and has not been previously vaccinated

A

immunoglobulin

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6
Q

what hemorrhoid stages for band ligation vs hemorrhoidectomy

A

band ligation= stge I, II or III

hemorrhoidectomy for stage III or IV hemorrhoid with chronic bleeding or a stage II hemorrhoid that is acutely thrombosed.

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7
Q

It is recommended that patients with a single first-degree relative with colon cancer diagnosed at or after age 60 should begin screening at age….

A

40

*with colonscopy

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8
Q

chief cells produce…

A

pepsinogen

pepsinogen –> pepsin in acidic environment

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9
Q

HCL is secreted by….

A

parietal cells

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10
Q

gastrin
histamine
Ach

all stimulate…

A

parietal cells (which produce HCl)

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11
Q

somatostatin (delta cells) inhibits…

A

gastrin

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12
Q

large intestine does mostly what absorption?

A

water

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13
Q

most of the small intestine absorption is done by the…

A

duodenum

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14
Q

secretin and CCK are in the…

A

duodenum

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15
Q

3 MC causes of infectious esophagitis

A

candida
CMV
HSV

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16
Q

linaer, yellow white plaques on EGD

A

candida

tx= fluconazole PO

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17
Q

large superficial, shallow ulcers on EGD

A

CMV

tx= gancilovir

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18
Q

small, deep ulcers on EGD

A

HSV

*tx= acylovir

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19
Q

first line dx= endoscopy

if endoscopy normal, esophageal manometry

gold standard- 24h ambulatory pH

A

GERD

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20
Q

loss of Auerbachs plexus

A

achalasia

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21
Q

failure of LES relaxation, lack of peristalsis

*dysphagia to both solids and liquids

gold standard- esophageal manometry

**“birds beak of LES”

A

achalasia

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22
Q

pharyngoesophageal pouch

dysphagia, regurg of undigested food

dx- barium swallow

(fake diverticulum bc only mucosa involvement)

A

Zenker’s diverticulum

*if lg enough, remove diverticulum
small, can observe

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23
Q

full thickness rupture of distal esophagus

*RF= repeated vomiting (ie bulimia, etoh)

crepitus, pneumomediastinum

dx= chest CT

A

boerhaave’s syndrome

**must repair surgically

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24
Q

longitudinal mucosal lacerations of gastroesophageal junction or gastric cardia

A

Mallory weiss tear

*us self limiting

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25
MC type of hiatal hernia ## Footnote **GE junction and stomach slide into mediastinum**
Type 1 (sliding)
26
MC esophageal neoplasm RF= tobacco, etoh **upper 1/3 of esophagus**
squamous cell
27
RF= Barrett's esophagus ## Footnote **lower 1/3 of esophagus**
Adenocarcinoma
28
MC cause of gastritis
H. pylori
29
h.pylori 3 drug treatment
CAP **Clarithromycin** **Amoxicillin PPI** (can do flagyl instead of amox if PCN allergy)
30
which is MC, duodenal or gastric ulcers
duodenal
31
which ulcer gets better w food?
duodenal (gastric gets worse w food)
32
gastrinomas (gastric secreting neuroendocrine tumors) \*multiple peptic ulcers \*"kissing" ulcers
Zollinger Ellison syndrome **MC in duodenal wall (also seen in pancreas)**
33
MC type of gastric cancer
Adenocarcinoma \*biggest RF= h.pylori
34
**linitis plastica** on upper endoscopy
gastric ca \*MC=adenocarcinoma
35
usually presents 3-12 weeks of life \*string sign
pyloric stenosis
36
hepatic vein obstruction \*can be primary (due to hepatic vein thrombosis, MC) or can be secondary to hepatic vein occlusion due to tumor obstruction
Budd-Chiari syndrome
37
decreased liver drainage, portal HTN, cirrhosis triad: 1. ascites 2. hepatomegaly 3. RUQ pain \*can also get jaundice
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
38
management of Budd-Chiari syndrom
- TIPS - angioplasty w stent - anticoag meds - ascites management
39
increased **indirect** bili
prehepatic hemolytic
40
increased direct bili
post-hepatic bile duct blockage pancreatic ca
41
increased both direct and indirect bili
intra-hepatic
42
lactulose neomycin protein restriction \*can be used in management of encephalopthy due to...
acute hepatic failure
43
AST \> 2x ALT seen in...
alcoholic hepatitis
44
only hepatitis associated with spiking fevers?
Hep A (feco-oral transmission)
45
tx of hep A
self limiting, supportive \*can give HAV immune globulin for close contacts that are not immunized
46
labs show **only positive anti-HBs (surface antibody)**
immunization against Hep B
47
any anti-HBc (core antibody) suggests...
Hep B infection ``` IgM= acute IgG= chronic ```
48
jaundice seen when bili gets above..
2.5
49
free copper accumulation in liver, brain, kidney, cornea **kayser-fleischer rings**
Wilsons disease
50
glucose \> 200 Age \> 55 LDH \> 350 AST \> 250 WBC\> 16,000
Ransons criteria for pancreatitis higher the score, higher the mortality
51
MC type and location of pancreatic cancer
Adenocarcinoma head of pancreas
52
CEA, CA-19-9 are tumor markers associated with
pancreatic cancer
53
1. vomiting 2. abdominal pain 3. passage of blood per rectum, **currant jelly stools**
intussusception
54
barium contrast enema is diagnostic and therapeutic for
intussusception
55
Endomysial IgA Ab transglutaminase Ab Small bowel biopsy
Celiac dz
56
diverticulitis tx
cipro and flagyl
57
colon \> 6 cm
toxic megacolon
58
which is transmural, chrons or UC?
chrons
59
MC location of Chrons
terminal ileum
60
+ ASCA
chrons
61
+P-ANCA
Ulcerative colitis
62
true or false progression of IBD treatment: 1. aminosalicylates (sulfasalazine, mesalamine) 2. steroids 3. immune modifying agents
true
63
polyp with the highest risk of becoming cancerous
villous adenoma
64
inguinal canal tract **MC in young kids and young adults** R side more common \*\*lateral to epigastric vessels
indirect hernia
65
weakness in Hesselbach's triangle does not reach scrotum
direct hernia
66
inferior epigastric vessels (artery) rectus muscle/sheath inguinal ligament
Hesselbach's triange \*direct hernias go thru this
67
two hernias MC in women
femoral obturator
68
at what age do you repair an umbilical hernia in a kid?
5 yo
69
this deficiency leads to pellagra: - diarrhea - dementia - dermatitis
Niacin (B3)

PANCE (10 decks)

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