GI Flashcards
What is the test used for Celiac Disease
Immunoglobulin A endomysial Antibody and IgA tTG antibody
What does Charcot’s triad refer to
What are they
Cholangitis
Fever, RUQ pain, Jaundice
RUQ pain, fever, N/V, pain referred to scapula, Murphy’s sign is positive
What is it
Acute Cholecystitis
How does Biliary Colic present
1-5 hours of RUQ pain that is constant and may radiate to scapula and back. Pain usually occurs hours after a meal, frequently at night, awakens patient from sleep
What are side effects of Niacin
What is it used for
Used for lowering TRG levels and low HDL levels
Causes Flushing, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hepatotoxicity, acanthosis nigricans, and gastritis
15 month old with abdominal discomfort, emesis, passage of bloody mucous per rectum Sausage shaped mass in upper abdomen Increased bowel sounds What is it Treatment
Intussusception - Telescoping of intestine upon intself
Tx: Air will confirm dx and treat it
What is the name and class of a drug to treat Crohn’s Disease
Infliximab
TNF-Alpha Inhibitor
What do you see on Xray in small bowel obstruction
What do you see on Xray in large bowel obstruction
Small Bowel: Air Fluid Levels
Large Bowel: Enhanced Haustria
What is the test of choice for Lactose Intolerance
Hydrogen Breath Test
What are pathogens that cause infectious diarrhea and bloody stools
Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, invasive strains of E.Coli
What drug most likely interacts with PPI’s
Methotrexate
PPI may decrease the excretion of methotrexate
What is the treatment for Diverticulitis
Hospitalization, bowel rest (NPO), IV fluids, broad spectrum antibiotics with anaerobic coverage
Which drug used for GERD provides both sx relief and promotes healing
PPI’s
What is Misoprostol used for
It can treat and prevent ulcers
Commonly used in conjunction with NSAIDS, as NSAIDS tend to be very bad for gastric mucosa
Though PPI’s are first choice because they are used 1x/day whereas Misoprostol is 4x/day and more side effects
Why does Crohn’s disease typically present with non-GI sx (like joint pain or fractures)
Crohn’s Disease affects all layers of small and large intestine, so is associated with malabsorption and vitamin deficiencies, so can lead to osteoporosis
Diarrhea will lead to what type of metabolic disorder
Vomiting will lead to what type of metabolic disorder
Diarrhea: Metabolic Acidosis (popping all the bicarb out)
Vomiting: Metabolic Alkalosis (vomiting all the acid out)
What is the most sensitive test for Pancreatitis
ERCP
Can reveal dilated ducts, stones, pseudocysts or strictures
What are features of Ulcerative Colitis
Starts in rectum, moves up
Associated with bloody diarrhea, LLQ pain
Affects Mucosa and Submucosa only
Colonoscopy shows uniform inflammation: sandpaper appearance
What are features of Crohn’s Disease
Can occur anywhere from mouth to anus
Associated with non-bloody diarrhea, RLQ pain
Transmural
Colonoscopy shows skip lesions, Cobblestone apperance
Associated with perianal disease, fistulas, strictures, abscesses, granulomas
What are the two most common causes of pancreatitis
Gallstones or Alcohol
What are sx of Diverticular disease
Dx
Left abdominal pain and intermittent diarrhea
LLQ guarding and tenderness, palpable mass, no peritoneal signs, no fever
Dx: CT scan of abdomen with IV oral contrast followed by broad spectrum abx (Augmentin or Quinolone-metronidazole combination)
RUQ pain that radiates to scaupla
Fever
Icteric sclerae, jaundice, and RUQ tenderness and Epigastric tenderness
Labs: ALT, AST, Alkaline Phosphatase, Serum Bilirubin and WBC are all elevated
Ultrasound shows dilated bile ducts
What is it
Cholangitis
What is Grey Turner Sign
What does it indicate
What is Cullen’s Sign
Bruising along flanks due to retroperitoneal bleeding
Acute Pancreatitis
Cullen’s sign is bluish discoloration or bruising around umbilicus
Painless rectal bleeding is what
Internal Hemorrhoids
Where is Achalasia located
What is the best dx choice
Distal 2/3 of Esophagus
Barium reveals esophageal dilation, loss of peristalsis, and bird’s beak appearance
Confirmation of dx is made with esophageal manometry
What is the most common type of inguinal hernia
Indirect
Inflamed gums, petechiae, rough dry skin, anemia, imparied wound healing
What is it? What vitamin is lacking?
Scurvy
Vitamin C deficiency
What pathogen is responsible for foul-smelling bulky stools/diarrhea that may wax and wane over weeks before resolving
Giardia
