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NURS 305 - Exam 5 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the drug class of aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)?

A

Antacid

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2
Q

aluminum hydroxide (Maalox) is a combination of …

A

Aluminum and magnesium

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3
Q

Describe the MOA of aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)

A

Neutralizes gastric acid - increases pH

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4
Q

What are the indications of aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)? (2)

A
  • Gastritis
  • Heartburn
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5
Q

Describe the education associated with aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)

A

Drink no more than 2 - 4 oz of water after

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6
Q

How long is aluminum hydroxide (Maalox) effective if taken on an empty stomach?

A

30 - 60 minutes

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7
Q

What is the drug class of famotidine (Pepcid)?

A

H2 antagonist (antihistamine)

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8
Q

Describe the MOA of famotidine (Pepcid)

A

Decreases acid production

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9
Q

What are the indications of famotidine (Pepcid)? (2)

A
  • PUD
  • GERD
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10
Q

What are the routes of famotidine (Pepcid)? (2)

A
  • PO
  • IV
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11
Q

What is the drug class of pantoprazole (Protonix)?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

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12
Q

Describe the MOA of pantoprazole (Protonix)

A

Decreases acid production

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13
Q

What are the indications of pantoprazole (Protonix)? (4)

A
  • GERD
  • Gastric ulcers
  • Duodenal ulcers
  • Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
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14
Q

What are the side effects of pantoprazole (Protonix)? (2)

A
  • Osteoporosis (decreased calcium absorption)
  • Pneumonia
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15
Q

Long-term use of pantoprazole (Protonix) may cause ______

A

C. diff

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16
Q

What is the primary interaction associated with pantoprazole (Protonix)?

A

clopidogrel (Plavix)

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17
Q

pantoprazole (Protonix) and clopidogrel (Plavix) must be administered ______

A

12 hours apart

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18
Q

Describe the monitoring associated with pantoprazole (Protonix) (2)

A
  • Vitamin B12
  • Magnesium
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19
Q

Describe the education associated with pantoprazole (Protonix)

A

DO NOT crush

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20
Q

What is the drug class of sucralfate (Carafate)?

A

Mucosal protectant

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21
Q

Describe the MOA of sucralfate (Carafate)

A

Healing of existing ulcers - not for prevention

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22
Q

What are the indications of sucralfate (Carafate)? (2)

A
  • Stress ulcers
  • Esophageal erosions
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23
Q

What is the primary side effect of sucralfate (Carafate)?

A

Constipation

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24
Q

Why are there few side effects associated with sucralfate (Carafate)?

A

It is not systemically absorbed

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25
Q

Describe the education associated with sucralfate (Carafate) (2)

A
  • Take 1 hour before meals
  • Take at bedtime
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26
Q

What is the drug class of misoprostol (Cytotec)?

A

Prostaglandin E analog

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27
Q

Describe the MOA of misoprostol (Cytotec)

A

Replaces prostaglandins lost by NSAIDs

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28
Q

What is the primary indication of misoprostol (Cytotec)?

A

Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers

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29
Q

What is the primary contraindication of misoprostol (Cytotec)?

A

Pregnancy

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30
Q

What is the primary side effect of misoprostol (Cytotec)?

A

Dysmenorrhea / spotting

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31
Q

Describe education associated with misoprostol (Cytotec) (3)

A
  • Take with meals
  • Take at bedtime
  • Use birth control measures
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32
Q

What is the therapeutic range of misoprostol (Cytotec)?

A

100 - 200 mcg

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33
Q

What are the types of antiemetics? (4)

A
  • ondansetron (Zofran)
  • meclizine (Antivert)
  • metoclopramide (Reglan)
  • promethazine (Phenergan)
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34
Q

What is the drug class of ondansetron (Zofran)?

A

Antiemetic (first choice)

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35
Q

What is the primary indication of ondansetron (Zofran)?

A

Nausea / vomiting

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36
Q

What is the primary contraindication of ondansetron (Zofran)?

A

QT prolongation

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37
Q

What are the side effects of ondansetron (Zofran)? (3)

A
  • Headache
  • Constipation
  • QT prolongation
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38
Q

Describe the nursing considerations associated with ondansetron (Zofran) (2)

A
  • Safe for pregnancy
  • Caution with QT prolonging drugs
39
Q

What is the drug class of meclizine (Antivert)?

A

Antiemetic

40
Q

What are the indications of meclizine (Antivert)? (3)

A
  • Nausea / vomiting
  • Motion sickness
  • Vertigo
41
Q

meclizine (Antivert) causes ______ side effects

A

Anticholinergic

42
Q

What is the route of meclizine (Antivert)?

43
Q

What is the drug class of metoclopramide (Reglan)?

A

Antiemetic

44
Q

What are the indications of metoclopramide (Reglan)? (3)

A
  • Nausea / vomiting
  • Delayed gastric emptying
  • Gastroparesis - diabetes
45
Q

What are the adverse effects of metoclopramide (Reglan)? (2)

A
  • Hypotension
  • Tardive dyskinesia
46
Q

Avoid ______ use with metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Alcohol / CNS depressants

47
Q

What is the drug class of promethazine (Phenergan)?

A

Antiemetic

48
Q

What are the indications of promethazine (Phenergan)? (2)

A
  • Nausea / vomiting
  • Intractable hiccups
49
Q

promethazine (Phenergan) causes ______ side effects

A

Anticholinergic

50
Q

promethazine (Phenergan) requires extreme caution when administering via ______ route

51
Q

Describe the steps required for safe IV administration of promethazine (Phenergan) (3)

A
  • Dilute with 10 mL of fluid
  • Use port farthest away from patient
  • Use large bore IV (16 - 18 gauge)
52
Q

Discontinue IV administration of promethazine (Phenergan) if …

A

The patient reports burning / pain

53
Q

Describe the black box warnings associated with promethazine (Phenergan) (2)

A
  • Respiratory depression
  • Severe tissue damage / gangrene
54
Q

What are the types of anti-constipation drugs? (4)

A
  • psyllium (Metamucil)
  • docusate sodium (Colace)
  • docusate sodium / Senna (Peri-Colace / Senokot-S)
  • bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
55
Q

What is the drug class of psyllium (Metamucil)?

A

Fiber supplement

56
Q

Describe the MOA of psyllium (Metamucil)

A

Increases bulk

57
Q

Describe the excretion of psyllium (Metamucil)

A

Excreted in the stool (non-digestible)

58
Q

What are the indications of psyllium (Metamucil)? (2)

A
  • Constipation
  • Diverticulosis
59
Q

Describe the education associated with psyllium (Metamucil) (2)

A
  • Take 1-3 times per day
  • Take with a full glass of water
60
Q

What is the onset of action of psyllium (Metamucil)?

A

12 - 24 hours

61
Q

What is the drug class of docusate sodium (Colace)?

A

Stool softener

62
Q

What is the primary indication of docusate sodium (Colace)?

A

Constipation

63
Q

Describe the MOA of docusate sodium (Colace)

A

Softens stool

64
Q

Describe the education associated with docusate sodium (Colace)

A

Take with a full glass of water

65
Q

docusate sodium (Colace) requires caution in patients with what condition?

66
Q

What is the drug class of docusate sodium / Senna (Peri-Colace / Senokot-S)?

A

Stool softener / stimulant laxative

67
Q

Describe the MOA of docusate sodium / Senna (Peri-Colace / Senokot-S) (2)

A
  • Softens stool
  • Stimulates peristalsis
68
Q

What are the indications of docusate sodium / Senna (Peri-Colace / Senokot-S)? (2)

A
  • Constipation
  • Bowel preparation prior to endoscopic examination
69
Q

What is the drug class of bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Stimulant laxative

70
Q

Describe the MOA of bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A

Stimulates peristalsis

71
Q

What are the indications of bisacodyl (Dulcolax)? (2)

A
  • Constipation
  • Bowel preparation prior to endoscopic examination
72
Q

What are the side effects of bisacodyl (Dulcolax)? (2)

A
  • Burning sensation
  • Dehydration
73
Q

What foods are recommended for the management of diarrhea? (4)

A
  • Bananas
  • Rice
  • Applesauce
  • Toast
74
Q

What are the types of antidiarrheals? (2)

A
  • diphenoxylate / atropine (Lomotil)
  • loperamide (Imodium)
75
Q

Describe the MOA of antidiarrheals

A

Inhibit peristalsis

76
Q

What is the drug class of diphenoxylate / atropine (Lomotil)?

A

Antidiarrheal / opioid (needs prescription)

77
Q

What is the primary concern associated with diphenoxylate / atropine (Lomotil)?

A

Abuse / dependence - opioid

78
Q

What is the primary indication of diphenoxylate / atropine (Lomotil)?

79
Q

What are the side effects of diphenoxylate / atropine (Lomotil)? (2)

A
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal pain
80
Q

What is the primary adverse effect of diphenoxylate / atropine (Lomotil)?

A

Respiratory depression

81
Q

diphenoxylate / atropine (Lomotil) causes ______ side effects

A

Anticholinergic

82
Q

What is the max dosage of diphenoxylate / atropine (Lomotil)?

A

8 tablets / day

83
Q

What is the drug class of loperamide (Imodium)?

A

Antidiarrheal (available OTC)

84
Q

What is the primary indication of loperamide (Imodium)?

85
Q

What is the max dosage of loperamide (Imodium)?

A

16 mg / day

86
Q

What are the indications of sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)? (2)

A
  • IBS
  • Ulcerative colitis
87
Q

What allergies are contraindications of sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)? (3)

A
  • Sulfa
  • Salicylates
  • Thiazide diuretics
88
Q

What are the interactions associated with sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)? (2)

A
  • Iron
  • Antibiotics
89
Q

What is the max dosage of sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)?

A

6 grams / day

90
Q

Describe the education associated with sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

A

Take 1 hour before meals / 2 hours after meals

91
Q

What are the indications of azathioprine (Imuran)? (3)

A
  • IBS
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Crohn’s disease
92
Q

Describe the black box warning associated with azathioprine (Imuran)

A

Chronic immunosuppression

93
Q

Describe the monitoring associated with azathioprine (Imuran) (2)

A
  • CBCs
  • Liver / renal function
94
Q

What is the max dosage of azathioprine (Imuran)?

A

100 - 250 mg / day

NURS 305 - Exam 5 (4 decks)

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