GI Flashcards
Causes of an upper GI bleed
peptic ulcer disease, stress-related erosive syndrome, esophageal varices, mallory-weiss tears
Clinical Presentation of upper GI bleed
Hematoemesis, hematochezia, melena
Treatment of upper GI bleed
fluids, blood, NG tube, irrigate stomach, stop bleeding, might need to scope to find bleeding
Causes of lower GI bleed
diverticulosis, AV malformation, cancers, polyps, hemorrhoids, infectious colitis
Clinical presentation of lower GI Bleed
hematochezia and hemodynamic instability
Treatment of an lower GI bleed
assess, get hx of abdominal surgery, fluid resuscitation- saline or LR; blood and blood products, stop the bleeding
What is it when pancreatic digestive enzymes become prematurely active and begin to autodigest the pancreas?
Pancreatitis
Causes of pancreatitis
gallstones and alcohol intake
what enzyme when activated, causes systemic vasodilation and increased vascular permeability of the pancreas
elastase
Complications of Pancreatitis
ARDS, pneumonia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, cardiac changes due to release of MDF- causing decrease in CO and BP and perfusion to organs, ARF because of hypovolemia, GI bleed, DIC, acidosis, hypocalcemia, and hyperglycemia
S/S of pancreatitis
can be vague, but severe epigastric pain that radiates to the back or shoulder, abdominal pain, N/V, cullens sign, grey turners sign
what sign is it when there is bluish discoloration or bruising around the umbilicus?
cullen’s sign
what sign is it when there is bruising of the flanks
grey turners sign
what enzyme is specific to pancreatitis that will be elevated in the lab results
lipase
what type of feeding to patients with pancreatitis need?
Initially NPO so feed them parenterally
