GI Flashcards
1
Q
What is leukonychia?
A
white nail beds
- caused by low albumin
- associated with end stage liver disease
2
Q
What is koilonychia?
A
- spoon shaped nails
- middle is depressed, edges elevated
- anaemia
- Crohn’s
3
Q
What does asterixis show?
A
caused by CO2 retention or uraemia
4
Q
What does palmar erythema show?
A
- chronic liver disease
5
Q
What does pallor show?
A
- anaemia - malignancy, GI bleeding, malnutrition
6
Q
What does Dupuytren’s contracture show?
A
- excessive alcohol use
7
Q
What should you look for in the arms?
A
- needle track marks
- bruising secondary to cirrhosis
- scratch marks from pruritus
8
Q
What should you look for in the axillae?
A
- Acanthosis nigrans: darkened and thickened skin: insulin resistance, benign, GI malignancy
- hair loss: anaemia
9
Q
What is corneal arcus?
A
- hazy white, grey or blue opaque ring in the eye
- indicates high cholesterol
10
Q
What is Xanthelasma?
A
yellow raised cholesterol deposits around the eye
11
Q
How do you inspect for jaundice?
A
- look down and lift patient upper eyelid to look for yellow sclera
12
Q
Where is Virchow’s node and why is it significant?
A
- left supraclavicular fossa
- enlargement may show abdo malignancy as drainage from abdomen
- right drains from thorax so can show oesophageal cancer
13
Q
What should you look for on the chest?
A
- spider naevi
- gynecomastia
