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child health care > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Atresia

A

Absent or abnormal narrowing

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2
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing

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3
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal connection between two body parts

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4
Q

Malposition

A

Not in the right spot

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5
Q

Hyperplasia/Hypertrophy

A

Overgrown

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6
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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7
Q

-cele

A

Swelling

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8
Q

-schisis

A

Cleft or split

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9
Q

Cleft Lip and Palate Definition

A

Incomplete fusion of the lip and/or palate in utero

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10
Q

Cleft Lip and Palate Assessment

A

-Severity?
-Unilateral or bilateral lips?
-Involves hard or soft palate or both?

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11
Q

Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment

A

-Correct at appropriate times d/t feeding/speech interference
-Close lip first (3-5m) by plastic surgery
-Close palate next (6-12m)

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12
Q

Cleft Lip and Palate Education/Care

A

-Feeding/nutrition: they can breastfeed, upright position, burp frequently, get good seal on nipple to let less air in, LAMB nipple, maybe G tube or syringe, have suction ready
-Promote bonding
-Respiratory assessment
-Interdisciplinary care: ENT
-Post OP: elbow restraints, manage pain, look at suture site, no nipple/paci/straw/spoon/fork for a bit, need IV fluids, clear liquid diet, no hard toys, no objects in mouth

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13
Q

Cleft Lip and Palate Complications

A

-otitis media
-respiration distress r/t aspiration
-infection
-dental
-speech delays
-self-esteem

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14
Q

Esophageal Atresia (EA) & Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) Definition

A

-EA: blind pouch
-TEF: opening from trachea by fistula

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15
Q

Esophageal Atresia & Tracheoesophageal Fistula Assessment

A

-3 C’s -cyanosis, choking, coughing
-Excessive drooling and salivation
-Respiratory status
-Other congenital anomalies
-Food comes right back out of the nose or into trachea (w/ TEF)
-NG tubes can’t go down to stomach

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16
Q

Esophageal Atresia & Tracheoesophageal Fistula Treatment

A

-Medical emergency
-Surgical repair
-Bronchoscoopy

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17
Q

Esophageal Atresia & Tracheoesophageal Fistula Education/Care

A

-Respiratory status: have suction available,
-Nutrition: TPN/Lipids, G-tube, strict I/Os, daily weights
-Emotional support
-Introduce food back slowly after repair

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18
Q

Esophageal Atresia & Tracheoesophageal Fistula Complications

A

-GERD
-Aspiration
-Stricture formation
-Leak
-Tracheomalacia

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19
Q

Pyloric Stenosis Definition

A

-Thickening and tightening of the pyloric sphincter (at base of stomach)
-2-8 weeks after birth

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20
Q

Pyloric Stenosis Assessment

A

-Projectile vomiting
-Constant hunger
-Weight loss
-Olive shaped mass in RUQ
-Peristatic wave
-Dehydration
-Dx: ABD US

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21
Q

Pyloric Stenosis Treatment

A

-Medical emergency
-Surgical repair - pylorotomy

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22
Q

Pyloric Stenosis Education/Care

A

-Nutrition: pyloric protocol (small amt of Pedialyte until formula), strict I/Os, daily weights
-Emotional support

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23
Q

Pyloric Stenosis Complications

A

-Surgical site infection
-Dehydration
-Feeding intolerance

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24
Q

GERD Definiton

A

-Backflow of stomach contents to esophagus

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25
Q

GERD Assessment

A

-Regurgitation
-Hunger
-Irritability
-Monitor feeding patterns
-Dx: Upper GI, pH probe monitoring

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26
Q

GERD Treatment

A

-Feeding modification: small meals, thicken formula, slow-flow nipple, avoid spicy/fried foods
-Positioning: upright
-Meds: PPI, H2 receptor agonists
-Surgery or G-tube for severe cases

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27
Q

GERD Education/Care

A

-Suction ready
-Monitor respiratory status
-Strict I/Os, daily weights
-Feeding education

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28
Q

GERD Complications

A

-Aspiration
-Poor weight gain
-Sleep difficulties

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29
Q

Omphalocele & Gastroschisis Definition

A

-OC: through umbilical cord, covered w/ a membrane
-GS: no sac/membrane covering organs, usually right side

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30
Q

Omphalocele & Gastroschisis Assessment

A

-Location
-Presence of membrane
-Color of ABD contents, moistness

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31
Q

Omphalocele & Gastroschisis Treatment

A

-Surgical repair to correct defect
-GS: silo mesh device allows organs to slowly go back in body as child grows

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32
Q

Omphalocele & Gastroschisis Education/Care

A

-Protect protruding ABD organs
-Prevent complications
-Promote bonding
-Emotional support
-NPO and on TPN

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33
Q

Omphalocele & Gastroschisis Complications

A

-Hypothermia
-Infection
-Injury

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34
Q

Intussusception Definition

A

-Telescoping or invagination of bowel segment into itself

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35
Q

Intussusception Assessment

A

-Family Hx
-Red currant jelly stool
-Sudden severe pain
-Vomiting
-Periods of comfort then acute pain
-Palpable sausage shaped ABD mass
-Dx: US

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36
Q

Intussusception Treatment

A

-Medical emergent
-Barium enema or air enema to get bowel back out
-Surgery

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37
Q

Intussusception Education/Care

A

-Pain control
-NG tube to decompress ABD
-Hydration: on IV fluids
-Monitor for return of bowel function

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38
Q

Intussusception Complication

A

-Bowel obstruction
-Bowel necrosis
-Post-op infections
-Dehydration

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39
Q

Volvulus Definition

A

-Malrotation of intestine

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40
Q

Volvulus Assessment

A

-Bilious vomiting
-Firm ABD w/ distention
-Irritability
-Passage of bloody stools

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41
Q

Volvulus Treatment

A

-Medical emergency
-Surgical repair
-Maybe colostomy

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42
Q

Volvulus Education/Care

A

-Pain control
-NPO
-IV fluids
-Pre/Post op teaching

43
Q

Volvulus Complications

A

-Bowel obstruction
-Bowel necrosis
-Short bowel syndrome
-death
-Ostomy

44
Q

Anorectal Malformation Definition

A

Anomalies of rectum, urinary, and reproductive system
-Imperforate anus
-Anal stenosis
-Fistula

45
Q

Anorectal Malformation Assessment

A

-Other congenital anomalies
-Failure to pass meconium
-Stool in urine
Dx: US

46
Q

Anorectal Malformation Treatment

A

-Surgery
-Dilations

47
Q

Anorectal Malformation Education/Care

A

-Assess anatomy at birth
-IV fluids, NG tube
-NPR: no meds or temps
-Colostomy care
-Emotional support
-Colostomy reversal
-Pain meds
-Skin care

48
Q

Anorectal Malformation Complications

A

-Infection
-Bowel obstruction
-Colostomy
-Difficulties w/ toilet training

49
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Definition

A

-ABD contents protrude into thoracic cavity through opening in diaphragm

50
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Assessment

A

-Respiratory distress
-Cyanosis
-Dyspnea
-Shape of chest and ABD

51
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Treatment

A

-Life threatening
-Surgery

52
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Education/Care

A

-Immediate respiratory support in NICU: intubation, vent, ecmo
-Positioning
-NG tube to decompress ABD
-Decrease simulation
-Emotional support
-Observe for respiratory compromise
-Post op: positioning, pain meds

53
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Complications

A

-Death from RDS
-Post-op infections
-Reoccurence

54
Q

Umbilical Hernia Definition

A

-Weak or imperfectly closed umbilical ring

55
Q

Umbilical Hernia Assessment

A

-Soft swelling covered by skin
-Easily reduced by pushing back through fibrous ring
-May increase in size when bear down, coughing or crying
-Usually not painful

56
Q

Umbilical Hernia Treatment

A

-Surgery if strangulation or doesn’t resolve by 3-5 years or grows larger by 1-2 years

57
Q

Umbilical Hernia Education/Care

A

-Reducible vs. strangulation

58
Q

Umbilical Hernia Complications

A

-Strangulation
-Need for surgical repair

59
Q

Acute Diarrhea

A
  • <14 days
    -Secondary to GI infection, URI, UTI, ABX, laxatives, gastroenteritis, Rotavirus
60
Q

Chronic Diarrhea

A
  • > 14 days
    -Short gut syndrome, malabsorption, food allergies, inflammatory bowel disease
61
Q

Diarrhea Assessment

A

-Bristol stool scale
-Home treatments
-Food intake
-Sick contacts
-S/Sx of dehydration
-Stool culture
-Vomiting

62
Q

Diarrhea Treatment

A

-Hydration
-Oral rehydration
-Possible medications
-IV fluids if needed
-Electrolyte management
-Barrier cream

63
Q

Diarrhea Education/Care

A

-Hydration
-Strict I&O, including stool
-Daily weight
-Hand hygiene
-Diet

64
Q

Diarrhea Complications

A

-Dehydration
-Severe, electrolyte imbalances
-Skin breakdown

65
Q

Functional Constipation Definition

A

-Absence of structural, endocrine or metabolic conditions that cause hard stools

66
Q

Functional Constipation Assessment

A

-Bristol Stool Scale
-Review diet
-Toileting habits

67
Q

Functional Constipation Treatment

A

-Dietary management
-Bathroom privileges at school
-Behavior management
-Pharmacologic management
-Decompaction
-Maintenance therapy
-Fiber/Fluids

68
Q

Functional Constipation Education/Care

A

-Diet
-Activity
-Infants- 2 oz. apple or pear juice daily
-Bathroom routines

69
Q

Functional Constipation Complications

A

-Fecal impaction
-Psychological stress

70
Q

Encopresis Definition

A

-Recurrent soiling or at inappropriate times
-Voluntary or involuntary retention of stool leads to constipation, dilation of lower bowel and incompetence of inner sphincter

71
Q

Encopresis Assessment

A

-Bristol Stool Scale
-Review diet
-Toileting habits
-Painful BM

72
Q

Encopresis Treatment

A

-Encourage regular bathroom times
-Emotional support
-Positive reinforcement
-Diet
-Toilet-training techniques

73
Q

Encopresis Complications

A

-Fecal impaction
-Constipation
-Bowel incontinence
-Psychological stress

74
Q

Colic Definition

A

-Severe abdominal pain 3 hours and occurs at least 3 days per week.

75
Q

Colic Assessment

A

-Crying loudly and continuously
-Face may become flushed
-ABD distended and tense
-Episodes occur at the same time each day
-Legs draw up, tense, clench hands

76
Q

Colic Treatment

A

-Supportive care
-Gas drops- Mylicon
-Formula changes

77
Q

Colic Education/Care

A

-Rule out other causes
-Support parents

78
Q

Colic Complications

A

-Psychological stress
-Fatigue

79
Q

Hirschsprung’s Disease Definition

A

-Congenital aganglionic megacolon
that starts at the anus and progresses proximally
-Paralyzing

80
Q

Hirschsprung’s Disease Assessment

A

-Failure to pass meconium in 1st 48hrs
-ABD distention
-Dx: biopsy

81
Q

Hirschsprung’s Disease Treatment

A

-Surgical removal of the non-functioning colon
-Maybe colostomy
-TPN/Lipids

82
Q

Hirschsprung’s Disease Education/Care

A

-Monitor I&O, fluid and electrolyte balance
-Teach parents TPN or feeding regimen

83
Q

Appendicitis Definition

A

-Inflammation of the appendix caused by an obstruction

84
Q

Appendicitis Assessment

A

-Periumbilical cramps
-ABD tenderness
-Fever
-Pain in RLQ most intense at McBurney’s point
-Progressive
-Dx: CT

85
Q

Appendicitis Complications

A

-Rupture
-Peritonitis

86
Q

Crohn’s Disease Definition

A

-Inflammation and ulceration of GI tract
-Patchy and anywhere from mouth to anus

87
Q

Crohn’s Disease Assessment

A

-More subtle: steady/colicky pain RLQ
-Diarrhea
-Flatulence
-Excess fat in stool
-Malaise
-Joint pain
-Weight loss
-Delayed growth

88
Q

Ulcerative Colitis Definition

A

-Inflammation of large intestine and rectal mucosa
-Continuous and limited

89
Q

Ulcerative Colitis Assessment

A

-1st sign: diarrhea
-Cramping during and after BM
-Blood and mucus in stool
-Joint pain
-Weight loss
Delayed growth

90
Q

Crohn Disease & Ulcerative Colitis Treatment

A

Dx: colonoscopy w/ biopsy
-Crohn’s: ulcers reoccur
-UC: Can remove diseased bowel
-Temporary colostomy
-Medication

91
Q

Crohn Disease & Ulcerative Colitis Education/Care

A

-Monitor for Sx of anemia
-I&O, daily weight, fluid status
-Support patient and family
-Nutrition
-Pain Management

92
Q

Crohn Disease & Ulcerative Colitis Complications

A

-Psychological stress
-Increased risk of cancer with Crohn
-Colostomy temporary or permanent

93
Q

Celiac Disease Definition

A

-Immunologic disorder characterized by intolerance for gluten (found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats)

94
Q

Celiac Disease Assessment

A

-Steatorrhea: increased fat in stool
-ABD Pain
-ABD distention
-Lack of energy
-Muscle wasting
-Chronic diarrhea
-Malabsorption of Fat-Soluble Vitamins
-Dx: Colonoscopy w/ biopsy

95
Q

Celiac Disease Treatment

A

-Eliminate gluten

96
Q

Celiac Disease Education/Care

A

-Multi-disciplinary care
-Support family and pt

97
Q

Lactose Intolerance Definition

A

-Inability to digest lactose

98
Q

Lactose Intolerance Assessment

A

-ABD pain
-Flatulence
-Diarrhea
-Hx
-Dx: hydrogen breath test

99
Q

Lactose Intolerance Treatment

A

-Eliminate lactose
-Lactose tablets

100
Q

Lactose Intolerance Education/Care

A

-Nutrition education
-Support parent and pt

101
Q

Short Bowel Syndrome Definition

A

-Decreased ability to absorb nutrients bc of a shortened intestine
-Congenital bowel anomaly or from a surgery (bowel resection)

102
Q

Short Bowel Syndrome Assessment

A

-Diarrhea: quickly after eating

103
Q

Short Bowel Syndrome Treatment

A

-Nutrition consult
-Possible TPN/Lipids

104
Q

Short Bowel Syndrome Education/Care

A

-Monitor I&O, fluid and electrolyte balance
-Teach parents TPN or feeding regimen

child health care (7 decks)

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