Exam 1 Flashcards
Acute pain
<6 months
Chronic pain
> 6 months
Physiological pain response
-RR increases
-Metabolic rate increases (fluid loss)
-Weak immune system
-GI (oral stomatitis, diarrhea)
-Neurological effects
Questions we ask:
-Triggers
-Location
-Relief methods
-Description
What we see/hear
Infants: draws knee up, face grimacing, cry, distorted face
Toddlers: cry or not
Preschoolers: thinks pain is in relationship to something they did
School age: will specify location, rates it 0-10 or FACES, will not share pain bc scared of hospitals, stoic, facial grimacing, tears
Adolescents: will specify clearly
NIPS
-for < 12 months
-score > 3 = pain
-Facial expression
-Cry
-Breathing patterns
-Arms
-Legs
-State of arousal
FLACC
-for 2 months to 7 years
-for those who can’t self report
-Face
-Legs
-Activity
-Cry
-Consolability
FACES
-for older children who can point
-use patient’s face as indicator
-0 no hurt
-10 hurts worst
Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool
-lets children color in body parts that hurt
Oral therapy
-mild to moderate pain
-takes 30 mins to an hour
Topical/Transdermal
-takes 30 mins
-skin turns white/numb
-Fentanyl: >12 years, continuous pain, lasts for 72 hours, rotate site
IV
-quick
-patient must be old enough to understand the button
-PCA pumps should always be patient-controlled
-watch for respiratory depression (low RR), urinary retention, drowsiness
Opiods
-morphine, fentanyl, codeine
-watch for respiratory depression
-give antidotes
NSAIDs
-acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac
-watch for liver function, kidney function, bleeding
Nonpharmacologic treatments
-distraction
-sucrose
-heat/cold
-cutaneous stimulation
-guided imagery
-relaxation
