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CPNP AC flash cards > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What condition is known as aganglionic megacolon?

A

Hirschprung’s

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2
Q

What condition is known as bowel telescoping?

A

intussusception

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3
Q

What condition is characterized by the narrowing of the pyloris?

A

pyloric stenosis

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4
Q

What GI condition presents with bile-colored emesis?

A

bowel obstruction

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5
Q

What condition presents with painless rectal bleeding?

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum

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6
Q

The gold standard diagnostic test for Meckel’s Diverticulum is a?

A

Meckel’s scan

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7
Q

What acid/base imbalance do children with pyloric stenosis present with?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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8
Q

Hirschprungs primarily occurs in ____ _____

A

male neonates

*may also present later in life

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9
Q

In the neonatal periods, Hirschprungs is characterized by the delayed passage of?

A

meconium

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10
Q

Physical examination of a child with Hirschprungs includes the palpation of a ____ ____ in the ______

A

fecal mass in the LLQ

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11
Q

The gold standard diagnostic test for Hirschprungs is a?

A

rectal biopsy

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12
Q

What is the most frequent cause of intestinal obstruction in the first two years of life?

A

intussusception

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13
Q

Children with intussusception often present with ____ ____ stools that are ___ ___ in color

A

currant jelly stools that are dark red in color

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14
Q

Parents may say that their child with intussusception often feeds ___ with in-between ____ and _____

A

well with in between irritability and emesis

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15
Q

Clinical examination of a child with intussusception includes the palpation of a ____ ____ mass in the _____

A

sausage-shaped mass in the RUQ

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16
Q

The gold standard diagnostic test for Intussusception is an ____ with b_____ a____ c____ e____

A

US
barium air contrast enema

*Ensure to have surgery on board

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17
Q

Pyloric stenosis most often occurs within the first ____weeks of life

A

8 weeks

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18
Q

In what condition are infants eager to eat, eat frequently, but experience no weight gain?

A

pyloric stenosis

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19
Q

The clinical presentation of an infant with pyloric stenosis includes
____ baby, feeding ____
n_____ p____ v_____
weight ____ and some degree of ____

A

Happy baby feeding well
non-bilious projectile vomiting
weight loss and some degree of dehydration

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20
Q

Physical examination of an infant with pyloric stenosis includes the palpation of an ___-shaped ____ in the ___ ____ abdominal area

A

olive-shaped mass
in the mid epigastric

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21
Q

Infants with pyloric stenosis may display gastric ____ ____ upon the visual abdominal assessment

A

peristaltic waves

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22
Q

What is the gold standard test for pyloric stenosis?

A

abdominal US

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23
Q

Treatment for an infant with pyloric stenosis includes
stabilizing ______
r______
and scheduling an ____ _____ ____

A

electrolytes
rehydrating
open laparoscopic surgery

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24
Q

Appendicitis is more common in what age group?

A

adolescents and teenagers

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25
Q

The clinical presentation of children with appendicitis includes
p____ p____ which migrates to the __
and on/off f_____

A

periumbilical pain which migrates to the RLQ
and on/off fever

*males may c/o testicular pain

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26
Q

McBurney’s point is characterized by?

A

RLQ pain

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27
Q

Psoas sign is elicited by?

A

pain while flexing the right thigh backwards while child is laying on left side

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28
Q

obturator sign is elicited by?

A

pain on internal rotation of hip when right knee flexed

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29
Q

The gold standard diagnostic test for appendicitis is an?

A

abdominal CT

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30
Q

Midgut malrotation/volvulus occurs within the first _____ of life

A

year

*may be congenital

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31
Q

Infants with midgut malrotation/volvulus will have b_____ o_____ and b____ e______

A

bowel obstruction and bilious emesis

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32
Q

50% of infants with malrotation/volvulus will have ___ of the colon

A

twisting

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33
Q

The gold standard diagnostic test for an infant with malrotation/volvulus is?

A

Abdominal CT

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34
Q

What acid/base imbalance is indicative of bowel obstruction?

A

metabolic acidosis

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35
Q

What surgery corrects malrotation/volvulus?

A

Ladd procedure

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36
Q

Toxic megacolon occurs most often in kids with i____ b____ d____

A

inflammatory bowel disease

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37
Q

Children with toxic megacolon will present with
f____
abdominal _______
p_____
increased w_____
decreased p____ and a_____

A

fever
abdominal distension
pain
increased WBC
decreased potassium and albumin

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38
Q

Toxic megacolon is characterized by ____ of the colon

A

dilation

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39
Q

Diagnostic studies for toxic megacolon include obtaining an abdominal ____, a ___ and ____

A

x-ray
CBC
CMP

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40
Q

Toxic megacolon management includes
a____
f____ and as a last resort
c_____

A

antibiotics
fluids
colectomy

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41
Q

The most common reason for bowel perforation in neonates is?

A

NEC

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42
Q

NEC is considered a surgical emergency due to b___ w___ r____

A

bowel wall rupture

43
Q

Initial NEC diagnostic study includes an?

A

xray

44
Q

An x-ray showing NEC will display a___ in the a____ c____

A

air in the abdominal cavity

45
Q

The confirmatory diagnostic test for NEC is via?

A

CT

46
Q

An infant with NEC will present with
a___
increased w_____
and b____ e_____

A

acidosis
increased WBC
bilious emesis

47
Q

NEC treatment includes s____, a____ and f_____

A

surgery, antibiotics, fluids

48
Q

NEC complications include b____, i____, and a_____

A

bleeding, infection, abscess

49
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum is most commonly seen in kids betwen ___-____ YOA

A

2-4

50
Q

Children with Meckel’s Diverticulum often present with P_____ r____ b_____

A

painless rectal bleeding

51
Q

The gold standard diagnostic test for Meckel’s Diverticulum is?

A

Meckel’s Scan

52
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum is treated with?

A

surgery

53
Q

In what condition does the large intestine have ulceration and inflammation?

A

ulcerative colitis

54
Q

Ulcerative colitis presents most often in what age group?

A

teens and young adults

55
Q

S/S of ulcerative colitis includes
R___ u____
b____
t_____

A

rectal urgency
bleeding
tenesmus (feel the need to pass stools)

56
Q

Patients with Ulcerative colitis are initially treated with?

A

steroids

57
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease?

A

endoscopy

58
Q

What may be done for a patient with Ulcerative Colitis to allow for bowel rest?

A

colectomy

59
Q

In what GI condition is it typical to see rectal fissures or tags?

A

Crohns disease

60
Q

Crohn’s disease leads to the malabsorption of
i___, z____, f___ and vitamin __

A

iron
zinc
folate
vitamin b12

61
Q

Crohn’s disease may involve any GI segment, s/s may include a__ p___ and r___ b____

A

abdominal pain and rectal bleeding

62
Q

Upon diagnosis of Crohn’s disease, what treatment is indicated for a suspected fistula or abscess?

A

antibiotics

63
Q

What should children with Crohn’s disease avoid?

A

NSAIDS

64
Q

Acute abdominal pain differential diagnosis includes
o____
p_____
c______
and g___-u___ disorders

A

obstruction
pancreatitis
colilithiasis
genito-urinary disorders

65
Q

Children with esophageal obstruction present with excessive ____ and _____

A

secretions and vomiting

66
Q

Children with stomach obstruction present with?

A

nonbilious vomiting

67
Q

Children with obstruction at the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon present with?

A

bilious emesis

68
Q

Abdominal compartment syndrome typically occurs s/p ____ or ____ GI processes

A

infection or inflammatory

69
Q

Children with pancreatitis will c/o s__ or d___ e___ pain, which radiates to the ____ side of the ____, accompanied by __/___/____

A

sharp or dull epigastric
Left side of the back
accompanied by N/V/D

70
Q

What laboratory test is a more specific marker for pancreatitis?

A

Lipase

71
Q

what laboratory test will rise first when pancreatitis is present?

A

amylase

72
Q

Pancreatitis management includes placing the child ____, ___ control, and ___ nutrition. Children with pancreatitis should maintain a ___ ___ diet

A

NPO
pain control
IV nutrition
low fat diet

73
Q

Cholelithiasis is more prevalent amongst?

A

teens and young adults

74
Q

Cholelithiasis s/s include abdominal ___ which radiates to the ___ accompanied by __/___ after ____

A

pain
back
n/v after eating

75
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for cholelithiasis?

A

ERCP

*other studies may include a HIDA scan or MRCP

76
Q

What labs are elevated in cholelithiasis?
w___, g____, a__ p___, ____/____, d___/i____ b____, a_____

A

WBC
GGT
alkaline phosph
AST/ALT
direct/indirect bilirubin
amylase

77
Q

Gastroenteritis is typically ___ in nature. Acquired via the f___/o____ route

A

viral
fecal/oral

78
Q

Gastroenteritis s/s include f___, v___, d____

A

fecal
vomiting
diarrhea

79
Q

If stable, the key to gastroenteritis treatment is?

A

oral rehydration at home

80
Q

GI bleeding treatment may include
o_____, v____, and b___ b_____

A

ocerotide
vasopressin
beta blockers

81
Q

Neonatal causes of acute GI bleeds include
rectal f____
C____
g____
e____
s/p m_____ v____
and/or due to congenital v___ lesions

A

rectal fissures
CMPA
gastritis
esophagitis
mechanical ventilation
vascular lesions

82
Q

Causes of acute GI bleeding in infants- 1YOA includes
G_____
G____
I____

A

GERD
Gastritis
IBD

83
Q

Causes of acute GI bleeding in children 1-2 YOA includes
e___ v____
b____ a_____
p____ v____ t____
v____ lesions
i____ d_____

A

esophageal varices
biliary atresia
portal vein thrombosiss
vascular lesions
infectious diarrhea

84
Q

Causes of acute GI bleeding in children 2 YOA and older include
p____ h____
e___ v____
I____
i____ d_____

A

portal HTN
esophageal varices
IBD
infectious diarrhea

85
Q

In any acute GI bleed monitor c___ and c____ studies

A

CBC and coagulation

86
Q

acholic stools are a sign of?

A

liver failure

87
Q

When working up a child with hyperbilirubinemia obtain
L___
G____
a___
a____
c___ studies and
g_____

A

LFT’s
GGT
Albumin
Ammonia
coagulation
glucose

88
Q

For patients with biliary atresia and/or in preparation for liver transplant treatment may include i____ or p____

A

IVIG
phenobarb

89
Q

The gold standard diagnostic test for biliary atresia is?

A

liver biopsy

90
Q

The treatment of choice for biliary atresia is the?

A

kasai procedure

91
Q

Children with biliary atresia will need f___ s___ v____ supplements and l__ f___ formulas

A

fat-soluble vitamin supplements
low fat formulas

92
Q

S/S of kernicterus includes
s____ h___ loss
loss of u____ g____
and l____ which is considered an emergency

A

sensorinural hearinig loss
loss of upward gaze
lethargy
-due to encephalopathy

93
Q

Hepatitis B and C is usually transmitted from ____ to ____

A

mother to infant

94
Q

The is the diagnostic test for pediatric hepatitis?
A_____ ___ with Doppler

A

abdominal US with doppler

95
Q

Children with hepatitis should avoid ____ ____ _____

A

liver toxic medications

96
Q

At every encounter children with hepatitis should have their ____ monitored

A

LFT’s

97
Q

Children with Hepatitis will experience worsening in ___ ___ every time they are rsick

A

liver function

98
Q

Children with liver failure may require the administration of ___ __. Ensure to monitor ___ studies.

A

vitamin k
coagulation studies

99
Q

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is most often caused by conditions that?

A

increase the destruction or RBC’s

100
Q

Children with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia are at greatest risk for?

A

gall stones

101
Q

Examples of conditions leading to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia include?
i____ p____ jaundice
g____ syndrome

A

infantile physiologic
gilberts

102
Q

Examples of conditions leading to conjugated hyperbilirubinemia include?
o____ jaundice

A

obstructive jaundice
—anything that blocks bile flow such as stones, tumors

103
Q

Clinical manifestations of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia include
elevated ____
p_____
d___ u____
s_____
and decreased _____ absorption

A

elevated cholesterol
pruritis
dark urine
steatorrhea (fatty stools)
vitamin

CPNP AC flash cards (10 decks)

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