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WCF > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Focus after delivery for these two structural disorders is airway and sucking.

A

Cleft lip and cleft palate

CL can be repaired by 3 mos
CP can be repaired around 6 mos

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2
Q

Protrusion of part of the gut or bowel through the inguinal ring into the scrotal or labial area

Treatment: Outpatient Surgery

A

Inguinal hernia

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3
Q

Common in infants

Umbilical rings does not close at the end of the first trimester

Treatment: None unless persists after 5yrs

A

Umbilical hernia

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4
Q

Complete closure of the anal passage
Immediate surgical intervention

A

rectal atresia

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5
Q

Narrowing/constriction of the rectal passage
Can have ribbon-like stools

A

rectal stenosis

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6
Q

No rectal opening
Child may have a fistula going to the GU system

A

imperforate anus

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7
Q

Thickened muscle (pylorus) causing a blockage causing projectile vomiting and olive shaped mass.

A

Pyloric stenosis

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8
Q

How is pyloric stenosis treated?

A

rehydration, surgery, & early feeds after surgery

D/C home is typically within 24 hrs

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9
Q

What is it?
Telescoping of a portion of the intestine, commonly at the ileocecal valve

How is it diagnosed?
Barium or Air Enema and imaging

How is it treated?
Enema or surgery if not corrected

A

Intussusception

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10
Q

Intussusception manifestations

A

jelly stools, sausage shaped mass, intermittent colicky cry, & fever

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11
Q

Abnormal rotation of the intestine around the superior mesenteric artery during fetal development

A

may lead to malrotation of the intestine. Life threatening if twisting of the intestine around itself, or volvulus, occurs.

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12
Q

S/sx of malrotation/volvulus

A

Intermittent bilious vomit/dehydration
Abdominal distention/pain
Lower GI bleeding
A palpable epigastric mass
Shock (if untreated)

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13
Q

Chronic inflammatory disease characterized by periods of exacerbations and remissions. Can affect any portion of the GI tract.

In children, acute or slow onsetabd pain, diarrhea, blood/mucous in stool, urgency/tenesmus, weight loss, RLQ cramping, fatigue

A

Crohn’s disease

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14
Q

An acute or chronic inflammation of the colon, which is characterized by recurring bloody diarrhea.

Symptoms include abd pain, bloody diarrhea, tenesmus, LLQ cramping, weight loss.

A

Ulcerative colitis

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15
Q

How is Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis diagnosed? Treated?

A

By EGD and w/ surgery

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16
Q

Diet for Crohn’s

A

High fat, high carb, low residue, smaller/frequent meals, supplements

17
Q

Diet for UC

A

High in protein, high carb, normal fat, decreased roughage, supplements

18
Q

Inflammation of the appendix (end of cecum)

A

appendicitis

19
Q

A positive Rovsing’s sign is indicative of acute appendicitis, characterized by inflammation, infection, or swelling of the appendix. What is Rovsing’s sign?

A

refers to pain felt in the right lower abdomen upon palpation

20
Q

What manifestation would indicate the appendix is perforated?

A

sudden decrease in abdominal pain

21
Q

Clinical manifestations of appendicitis

A

-Umbilical pain –> RLQ
-Vomiting
-Fever
-Perforation

22
Q

Increased frequency and fluid content of the stools with or without associated symptoms.

Important to assess the presence of other signs and symptoms such as vomiting, fever, and pain.

A

diarrhea

23
Q

Explosive, watery, pale, & odor

A

rotavirus

24
Q

Green and watery stool

A

E. coli

25
Q

Stool +blood

A

Salmonella

26
Q

Delay or difficulty passing stool for 2 or more weeks

A

Constipation

27
Q

Clinical manifestations of constipation

A

Hardened stool
Straining
Rectal Pain
Encopresis
Withholding behaviors

28
Q

Return of gastric contents from the stomach through the lower esophageal sphincter back up into the esophagus

Functional reflux

Causes infrequent, episodic nonbilious, undigested formula

A

GER

29
Q

Pathological reflux (choking, apnea, frequent OM/URIs, poor weight gain)

Common in premature infants and those with neurological issues

A

GERD

30
Q

No intervention/tests needed for GER & GERD if weight gain is adequate

True or False

A

True

31
Q

Invervention for GER & GERD

A

May consider thickened formula or breast milk
Need cross-cut nipple!

May need lactose-free formula

Smaller frequent feedings
Feed slowly

Do not vigorously play after feeding

Feed in upright position
30° for after feeds

32
Q

A syndrome in which infants or young children fail to eat enough food to be adequately nourished and achieve age-appropriate weight gain as a result of: Inadequate caloric intake, Inadequate caloric absorption, & Excessive caloric expenditures.

Organic vs inorganic etiology

Treatment based on cause

A

Failure to thrive

33
Q

The absence of ganglion cells results in lack of motility in the affected portion of the bowel. AKA aganglionic megacolon.

A

Hirschprung’s disease

34
Q

Clinical manifestations of Hirschprung’s disease

A

Failure to pass meconium
Chronic constipation
Abdominal obstruction
Explosive BMs
Vomiting
Older children: foul smelling, ribbon-like stools

35
Q

Decreased mucosal surface area. Usually from surgical resection of small bowel (due to NEC, volvulus, Crohn’s)

A

Short bowel syndrome

36
Q

Treatment for short bowel syndrome

A

-Administration and monitoring of TPN
-Enteral feeding
-Emotional and developmental needs

37
Q

Idiopathic, progressive, inflammatory process (postnatal or fetal) that causes an absence of some or all major intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ducts resulting in fibrosis and obstruction

A

Biliary atresia

38
Q

Clinical manifestations of biliary atresia

A

Jaundice
Urine is dark-stains the infant’s diaper
Enlarged liver and spleen
Itchy

39
Q

Sx of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)

A

nausea, stomach pain, tendency to take hot baths and showers for relief, difficulty eating/keeping food down, weight loss, severe vomiting and or diarrhea sometimes lasting days/weeks

WCF (12 decks)

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