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WCF > Care for Child w/ Integumentary Condition > Flashcards

Care for Child w/ Integumentary Condition Flashcards

1
Q

A common bacterial skin disorder in adolescents that varies in severity; non-inflammatory and inflammatory pustules.

Treatment includes OTC medication (salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide), Rx topical or oral antibiotics and retinoids, and Accutane

A

Acne vulgaris

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2
Q

Androgen exposure and Resolves spontaneously

A

neonatal acne

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3
Q

What can cause acne?

A

Medications: Anabolic steroids, Corticosteroids, Phenytoin (Dilantin), lithium

Other Triggers: Friction of the skin (hair bands, helmets, hats), oil-based cosmetics, hormonal changes, stress

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4
Q

Bacterial infection found around the face and mouth. Staph Aureus is most common cause. Treat w/topical and/or oral antibiotics.

A

Impetigo contagiosum

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5
Q

Gram + bacteria found on nose and skin. Usually, community acquired but can be nosocomial. Can result in an infection of the skin and soft tissue. Treat w/ oral antibiotics & monitor for cellulitis.

A

MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)

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6
Q

Infection when bacteria enters through a break in the skin. Treated w/oral or IV antibiotics & tylenol/ibuprofen.

A

cellulitis

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7
Q

S/sx of cellulitis

A

Red
Swollen
Warm
Tender to touch

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8
Q

Viral infection of skin (pox virus) caused by direct contact with infected skin or contaminated objects. Presents as firm, round papules, pink to skin color. Can have exudative plug. Self Resolving.

A

Molluscum contagiosum

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9
Q

Transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact or mucous membrane contact. Three types in children: common warts, plantar warts, and flat warts. Treated w/liquid nitrogen, salicylic acid plasters, pulsed-dye laser, & keratolytic agents.

A

Human papillomavirus (warts)

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10
Q

Also known as a cold sore. HSV virus enters the body and can become latent. A trigger will cause flare up. Treat w/ supportive care & magic mouthwash.

A

Herpes Simplex Virus 1

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11
Q

S/sx & triggers of Herpes Simplex Virus 1

A

Sx: Watery blisters around face (lips), itching, & pain

Triggers: fever, stress, & sunburn

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12
Q

Magic mouthwash is used to treat HSV1. It is made of Benadryl, lidocaine, & Mylanta. Mylanta is used to

A

help the other ingredients adhere to the oral mucosal surfaces

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13
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

scalp/head

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14
Q

Tinea Corporis

A

body

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15
Q

Tinea Cruris

AKA ”Jock Itch”

A

groin

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16
Q

Tinea Manum

A

hands

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17
Q

Tinea Pedis

AKA ”Athletes Foot”

A

feet

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18
Q

Tinea Unguium

A

nails

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19
Q

Topical treatments for Corporis, Cruris, Manum, Pedis, Unguium

A

Topical antifungals (Ketoconazole, Miconazole, Clotrimazole)
Use twice a day for 4-6 weeks

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20
Q

Oral antifungal, Giseofulvin, is a med given with fatty foods to treat

A

tinea capitis

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20
Q

Large, tender, boggy mass on scalp; seen w/ tinea capitis

A

kerion

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21
Q

Risk factors for oral candidiasis (thrush)

A

Antibiotics
Prematurity
Skin irritation
Immunocompromised
Steroids
Newborns-mother with Candidiasis

22
Q

How is thrush treated?

A

Oral Nystatin/Clotrimazole applied to tongue and mouth

23
Q

Rash on skin and in skinfolds
Bright-red beefy plaques with sharp margins
Small papules and pustules that can rupture

Treated w/antifungal topical applied before barrier product. Topical should be continued for three days after the rash clears.

A

Candida albicans

24
Q

Known as the “itch that scratches”

Genetic predisposition with environmental risks

A

atopic dermatitis

25
Q

Common locations for atopic dermatitis

A

Infants: cheeks, neck, elbow & neck creases

Children: folds of arms and legs, eyelids, neck, chronic can lead to lichenification

26
Q

Patches w/papules, vesicles, exudate, crusts, excoriation. Some “weep”. Dry cracked skin (xerosis). Erythema.

Chronic cases will have Darkened, thickened, lichenification (prominent skin lines), excoriation, dryness, scaling.

A

Eczema

27
Q

Goals of eczema treatment

A

-skin hydration & lubrication
-reduce inflammation
-prevent/reduce secondary infections
-minimize itching
-maintain skin barrier
-optimal quality of life

28
Q

Occurs after contact w/allergen or skin irritant.

S/sx include:
-Irritated, inflamed, and pruritic rash within 48 hours of contact with the offending agent
-Vesicles and bullae may be present in the area
-Urticaria (hives) when there is contact with an allergen
-Vesicles that may weep serous fluid

A

contact dermatitis

29
Q

Diaper management for contact dermatits

A

Water-impermeable barriers
Protective sealants
Avoid powder
Frequent diaper changes
Expose to air when possible
Wash w/ warm water (caution w/ baby wipes)

30
Q

An allergic response to an environmental trigger

A

cutaneous skin reaction

31
Q

Anaphylaxis Symptoms w/ cutaneous skin reaction

A

Drooling, dysphonia, moderate to severe swelling in effected area, cyanosis, wheezing, stridor

32
Q

Emergency treatment for anaphylaxis symptoms

A

-Reversal of causative agent
-Decrease swelling with medications (Epinephrine, Benadryl)
-Oxygen

33
Q

-Recurrent inflammatory skin condition- yeast overgrowth
-Found where sebaceous glands most plentiful
-Infants-3 mos. and Adolescents
-Can have waxy scaling of scalp
-Treat with emollient and use soft toothbrush

A

Dermatitis: Seborrheic

34
Q

Highly contagious, caused by the mite. Spread by skin to skin and sexual contact.

Treated w/ OTC lotion (Elimite permethrin 5%)

A

scabies

35
Q

S/sx of scabies

A

Rash with papules and pustules, lesions that are linear, threadlike. SEVERE itching-worsens at night

36
Q

Highly contagious, caused by the louse parasite. Spread by skin to skin and sexual contact.

Treated w/ OTC shampoo (age restrictions on some types)

A

lice

37
Q

S/sx of lice

A

-pearl colored, tear drop shape
-causes itching

38
Q

How to treat infestations of lice & scabies

A

Education for both will include:
-Treating other family members that have been in contact with child
-Washing all clothing/sheets in HOT water
-NO sharing of items such as brushes, hats, etc.

39
Q

Tick born disease prevention includes:

A

-Avoid tick infested areas
-Wear protective clothing
-Check child for ticks everyday (hide in hair)
-Insect repellents-DEET safe for children >2 months
-Check pets that may carry and transfer to child
-Remove ticks immediately using fine tipped forceps/tweezers

40
Q

What stage of Lyme disease

Rash that clears but leaves a “Bulls eye” mark, HA, joint pain, and fever

A

Stage I
3-30 days after bite

41
Q

What stage of Lyme disease

Same s/sx as stage I, along with neck pain, conjunctivitis, cranial nerve palsy, carditis, meningitis

A

Stage II
2-10 weeks after initial bite until chronic symptoms show up

42
Q

What stage of Lyme disease

Lyme arthritis (joint swelling), Bell’s Palsy, encephalopathy, behavioral changes, migraines, and carditis

A

Stage III
Weeks to months after initial bite

43
Q

Lyme disease treatment

A

-Amoxicillin, Ceftin for 2 weeks in children 8 and under
-Doxycycline, Tetracycline for children over 8
-Supportive care

44
Q

Self-limiting illness after a bite or scratch from a cat (can carry Rochalimaea henselae)

A

Cat scratch disease

45
Q

S/sx of Cat Scratch disease

A

-Tender lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) of the head, neck, and/or upper limbs
-General malaise and low-grade fever
-Headache
-Papule at site of original bite or scratch

46
Q

-Superficial thickness.
-Damage to the outer layer only
Ex. Sunburn, scalding
-Redness and blanching with pressure
-Peeling will occur after a few days
-Treatment includes supportive care: pain meds, education on measures to take when outdoors

A

First degree burn

47
Q

-Superficial partial thickness
-Involves the epidermis and upper dermis layer- some sweat and oil glands may be damaged
Ex. Flash flame, scalding
-Usually heals within 10-14 days with minimal scarring
-Blisters, redness, blanches with pressure, pain (esp. with exposure to cold air)

A

Second degree burn

48
Q

-Deep Partial Thickness
-Involves epidermis, dermis, and underlying tissue (including nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles)
Ex. Contact with hot objects
-No blanching with pressure, area can be a variety of colors (red, brown, black), pain (depends on extent of nerve damage)

A

Third degree burn

49
Q

-Full thickness which includes the muscle, fascia, and possibly bone
-No blanching, wound can be a variety of colors
-Most will not be able to feel pain

A

Fourth degree burn

50
Q

Three phases of burns

A

Initial, recovery, and rehab

51
Q

Fluid resuscitation is needed IMMEDIATELY when treating burns in order to

A

Restore circulating volume, optimize perfusion, and minimize burn shock

52
Q

What severity scales are used for burns?

A

-Lund and Browder scales are used for infant, toddler, pre-school, & school-age children
-Rule of nines scale is used for adolescents

WCF (12 decks)

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