GI Flashcards
1
Q
Achalasia (gold standard)
A
Oesophageal manometry
2
Q
Achalasia (1st-line)
A
Barium swallow - birds beak
3
Q
Acute mesenteric ischaemia
A
CT abdo with contrast
4
Q
Acute pancreatitis
A
Clinical diagnosis + bloods: amylase x3 of normal limit
5
Q
Barrett’s oesophagus (and what is seen)
A
OGD
Columnar epithelium with no dysplasia
6
Q
Crohn’s disease
A
- Faecal calprotectin
- Endoscopy (OGD and colonoscopy): cobblestone mucosa, skip lesions, entire tract, transmural, NO blood
7
Q
Ulcerative colitis
A
- Faecal calprotectin
- Endoscopy: continuous, superficial mucosa, only in rectum and colon, blood and mucous, smoking is protective
8
Q
Coeliac disease
A
- Anti-TTG antibodies (IgA); must eat gluten for two weeks prior
- Endoscopy and biopsy: villous atrophy, crypt hypertrophy
9
Q
Diverticulitis
A
- FBC, U&E, CRP
- Contrast CT abdomen: thickening of bowel wall, mass/abscess, streaky mesenteric fat, extraluminal gas
10
Q
Appendicitis
A
- Clinical – central abdo pain -> RIF, tenderness at McBurney’s point.
- Raised CRP
- CT scan can confirm diagnosis, USS often used in female patients to exclude ovarian/gynae pathology
11
Q
Intussusepction
A
- Red current jelly stool, sausage-shaped mass in RUQ, severe abdo pain, vomiting. Preceding viral illness with features of intestinal obstruction.
- Ultrasound
12
Q
MWT
A
OGD (within 24 hours of presentation if suspected upper GI bleed)
13
Q
Toxic megacolon
A
CTAP
14
Q
Pyloric stenosis
A
- Young baby, failing to thrive, projective vomiting, olive-shaped mass in upper abdo
- Blood gas: low chloride and metabolic alkalosis (due to vomiting hydrochloric acid)
- Abdominal ultrasound – thickened pylorus
15
Q
Cholecystitis
A
- Murphy’s sign
- Abdominal ultrasound – thickened gallbladder wall, stones in gallbladder or fluid around it
- May do MRCP
