Cardio

Question 1

Aortic dissection

Answer 1

CT angiogram

Question 2

Aortic regurgitation

Answer 2

ECHO
Early diastolic murmur
Collapsing pulse
Get patient to sit forward and expire and hold breath

Question 3

Aortic stenosis

Answer 3

ECHO
Ejection systolic murmur
Radiates to carotids

Question 4

AF

Answer 4

ECG
- absent P waves
- irregularly irregular pulse

Question 5

Atrial flutter

Answer 5

ECG
- sawtooth pattern in II, III and avi

Question 6

Cardiac tamponade investigation

Answer 6

ECHO

Question 7

DVT (gold standard)

Answer 7

US doppler

Question 8

Heart failure (1st line and gold standard)

Answer 8

1st line - BNP
Gold standard - ECHO

Question 9

Heart failure; what would you see on CXR?

Answer 9

cardiomegaly, Kerly B lines, bilateral effusions etc.

Question 10

Hypertension; when to offer investigations

Answer 10

Ambulatory BP; if clinic BP is 140/90-180/120

Question 11

Endocarditis (+what is found on the hands!)

Answer 11

ECHO and blood cultures
+ Janeway lesions, Osler’s nodes, splinter haemorrhages, Roth spots

Question 12

Myocardial infarction (initial)

Answer 12

Troponin I
ECG

Question 13

Peripheral artery disease

Answer 13

ABPI

Question 14

Pericarditis (and what will it show)

Answer 14

ECG - PR depression, saddle-shaped ST elevation

Question 15

PR depression, saddle-shaped ST elevation

Answer 15

Pericarditis

Question 16

Delta waves

Answer 16

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Question 17

Narrow complex tachycardia

Answer 17

SVT

Question 18

Angina gold standard

Answer 18

CT coronary angiogram

Question 19

Cannon A waves

Answer 19

Third degree heart block

Question 20

Absent A waves

Answer 20

Atrial fibrillation

Question 21

Mid diastolic murmur, loudest on inspiration, 3/4th ICS LSE
(Raised JVP)

Answer 21

Tricuspid stenosis

Question 22

Fixed prolonged PR interval >200ms

Answer 22

First degree heart block

Question 23

Cardiac tamponade - Beck’s triad

Answer 23

Hypotension
Muffled heart sounds
Increased JVP