Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pharm drugs > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What ways do acid-reducing agents stop ulcers?

A

PPI, Histamine blockers, anticholinergic agents, prostaglandins also inhibit proton pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Calcium Carbonate (Tums) MOA, Class, AE

A

Antacids.
MOA: neutralized gastric acidity
AE: Constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to the absorption or Drug-drug interaction with Antacids?

A

increased pH causes reduced absorption of acidic drugs and increased absorption of basic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What to look out for when taking Antacids?

A

Electrolyte imbalance

Avoid taking within 2 hours window of other oral medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ending for H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

(-tidine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary use for H2 Antagonists

MOA

A

Primary use: treat acid reflux and heal ulcers

MOA: reduce secretion of stimulated acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When do you take H2 receptor Antagonist with food?

A

90 min before eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

AE H2 Receptor Antagonists?

A

diarrhea, muscle pain, can cause gynecomastia b/c affinity to androgen receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PPI MOA:

A

irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ - ATPase pump on parietal cell membrane which blocks final step in acid secretion into lumen of stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primary purpose PPI

A

treat acid reflux and heal ulcers (shown to be more effective than H2 receptor antagonists)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PPI endings

A

(-prazole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why dont you take PPI with food?

A

because it decreases the bioavailability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

AE PPI

A

long-term use associated with gastric polyps, altered calcium metabolism (decreased bone mineralization), some cardiovascular abnormalities, long-term use has higher risk C.diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MOA Bismuth chelate (pepto-bismol)

A

Appears to coat ulcer, enhance prostaglandin synthesis, increase gastric mucous epithelial cell growth to protect against H. pylori-induced ulcers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sucralfate MOA

A

An aluminum salt of sucrose that forms a protective coating over the ulcer; used for high-risk cases (trauma, burns, ARDS, major surgery, etc).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Misoprostol MOA

A

Synthetic prostaglandin analog (PGE2) that inhibits acid secretion; used to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

H. pylori infection can cause

A

chronic gastritis, PUD, GERD, gastric cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment for H. pylori

A

acid-controlling drug + antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Drug class to treat N/V (8)

A

Anticholinergics, Antihistamines, Neuroleptic, Prokinetic, Serotonin blockers, Neurokinin-1 receptor blockers, Cannabinoids, Phosphorated carbohydrate solution (Emetrol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

scopolamine (Transderm Scop)

MOA, drug class, AE

A

Anticholinergics
MOA: binds to ACh receptors on vestibular nuclei
AE: dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, dilated pupils, difficulty with urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Meclizine drug class, MOA, AE

A

Antihistamines
MOA: inhibit vestibular input to the CTZ
AE: dizziness and sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neuroleptic drugs MOA

A

block dopamine receptors in CTZ

Anticholinergic actions

23
Q

Neuroleptic drugs AE

A

dry eyes, urinary retention, long-term use can lead to extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia

24
Q

Prokinetic drugs ex

MOA

A

metoclopramide

block dopamine in CTZ

25
Q

Prokinetic drug AE

A

sedation, diarrhea, weakness, Prolonged use causes extrapyramidal signs

26
Q

Serotonin blockers end with

name one drug

A

-setron

ondansetron

27
Q

Serotonin blockers MOA

A

block serotonin receptors in GI tract, CTZ, and vomiting center

28
Q

Serotonin blockers AE

A

dizziness, diarrhea, [no extrapyramidal signs]

29
Q

Serotonin blocker can be combined with to control chemo-induced emesis

A

Corticosteroids

30
Q

Neurokinin-1 receptor blockers uses and MOA

A

drug to prevent emesis from chemotherapy
MOA: blocks Substance P from binding to NK-1 receptor, prevents both central and peripheral stimulation of vomiting centers

31
Q

Neurokinin-1 receptor blockers AE

A

GI issues, Steven-Johnson syndrome

32
Q

Cannabinoids uses

A

block acute and delayed emesis, used for chemo-induced nausea/vomiting

33
Q

Cannabinoids AE

A

blurred vision, dry mouth, weakness, tachycardia or bradycardia, CNS symptoms (confusion, anxiety, mood changes)

34
Q

Phosphorated carbohydrate solution (Emetrol) MOA and uses

A

MOA: relaxes GI tract smooth muscle

Used for mild cases of intestinal flu or food-borne causes

35
Q

Classes that treat Diarrhea

A

Absorbents, Anticholinergics, Intestinal flora modifiers, Opiates

36
Q

Absorbents drug examples, MOA

A 
bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), attapulgite (Kaopectate)
MOA: binds to bacteria causing diarrhea to carry them out with feces
37
Q

Absorbents AE:

what to look out for

A

aspirin product: use with caution in children recovering from flu/chickenpox, increased bleeding time, GI bleed

Decrease effectiveness of many drugs

38
Q

Anticholinergics drug ex, MOA,

What to look out for

A

atropine
MOA: reduce peristalsis of GI tract

Because of AE, rarely first choice for treatment

39
Q

Intestinal flora modifiers uses

A

bacterial products obtained from Lactobacillus organisms (like probiotics)- great to use when someone is taking antibiotics
Normally resides in intestines to keep “bad” bacteria in check
Helps restore normal balance to suppress harmful organisms

40
Q

Opiates drug ex, MOA

A

diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
decrease GI motility and propulsion
Slowing transit time in intestines = absorption of water and electrolytes

41
Q

Opiates AE

A

sedation, dizziness, constipation, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension, urinary retention

42
Q

What Laxatives to treat constipation

A

Bulk-forming, Emollient, Hyperosmotic, Saline, Stimulant

43
Q

Bulk-Forming Laxatives drug ex, MOA

Require to?

A

methylcellulose (Citrucel)
MOA: increase water absorption  softens and increases bulk of intestinal contents

Require to drink lots of water

44
Q

Hyperosmotic Laxatives drug ex,

MOA

A

lactulose, polyethylene glycol (Miralax)

creates gradient that draws fluid into colon to increase stool fluid content and stimulate peristalsis

45
Q

Hyperosmotic Laxatives AE

A

abdominal bloating, rectal irritation, electrolyte imbalance

46
Q

Saline laxatives

MOA

A

Similar to hyperosmotic– osmotic pressure pushes water/electrolytes into intestines

47
Q

Saline laxatives AE

A

salts may cause issues with individual with diminished cardiac or renal function, electrolyte imbalance

48
Q

Emollient Laxatives ex, MOA

A 
docusate sodium (Colace)
facilitate water and fat absorption into stool, lubricate fecal matter and intestinal wall
49
Q

Emollient Laxatives AE

A

decreased vitamin absorption, electrolyte imbalance

50
Q

Stimulant laxative ex, MOA

A

Senna

MOA: stimulates peristalsis through enteric nervous system

51
Q

Stimulant laxative AE

A

Danger of long-term use: dependence and damage to intestinal cells/loss of colon function

52
Q

Position avoided when with patients with GERD

A

should avoid lying flat (supine)
Avoid increased intra-abdominal pressure
Avoid exercise immediately after meals

53
Q

Vomiting and diarrhea lead to…

make sure to …

A

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Encourage fluids during PT sessions

54
Q

smoking decrease effectiveness in what drug class

A

H2 Blockers

pharm drugs (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions