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pharm drugs > Antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal > Flashcards

Antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal Flashcards

1
Q

Antimicrobial

A

drug that is active against bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasite

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2
Q

gram positive bacteria

A

thicker wall

multiple steps of peptidoglycan synthesis are drug targets

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3
Q

gram negative bacteria

A

thinner wall
membrane make it harder for drugs to penetrate
entry to aqueous pore

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4
Q

selective toxicity

A

acts only on bacteria and not on human cells

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5
Q

bactericidal

A

kill bacteria

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6
Q

concentration dependent

A

need to get drug to a certain level

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7
Q

time dependent

A

need to get drug concentration there for a certain amount of time

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8
Q

what is preferred spectrum broad or narrow?

A

narrow because is treat couple of bacteria and prevent resistance

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9
Q

What are 3 factors when selecting drug treatment?

A

Bacteria, host specific, and drug specific factors

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10
Q

Cell wall MOA

A

bind penicillin binding proteins and inhibit linking of peptide chains

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11
Q

Cell membrane MOA

A

Make gram-negative membrane permeable so compounds can cross cell wall
usually topical due to toxicity

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12
Q

protein synthesis MOA

A

action at ribosome to block mRNA translation

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13
Q

DNA synthesis MOA

A

Block DNA so cant correctly form

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14
Q

DNA strand MOA

A

interact with DNA to cause DNA breaks

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15
Q

aminoglycosides and macrolides ends with

A

-mycin or -micin

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16
Q

penicillin-
meds?
usage?
AE?

A

amoxicillin, amoxicillina/clavulante (augmentin), Pipercillin/Tazobactum (Zosyn)
Commonly used for broad coverage
AE: GI, hypersensitivity

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17
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Cephalexin (Keflex), Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Nosocomial infections, surgical prophylaxis
AE: GI, hypersensitivity

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18
Q

Glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin
Treats MRSA, C. Diff
AE: Hypotension- reduce by not giving it too fast

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19
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin

AE: Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

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20
Q

Macrolides

A

Azithromycin (Z-pack)

AE: GI issues, QT prolongation, CYP inhibitors (DDI)

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21
Q

Tetracylines

A

Doxycycline

AE: usually well-tolerated, GI, photosensitivity

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22
Q

Streptogramins AE?

A

Arthralgia, myalgia

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23
Q

Lincosamide

A

Clindamycin

AE- GI, can cause C. diff

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24
Q

Fluroquinolones

A

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin (Levaquin)

AE: GI, phototoxicity, tendon rupture, significant hypoglycemia

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25
Q

Nitroimidazole

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

GI< metallic taste, less common peripheral neuropathy

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26
Q

Sulfonamide

A

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (Bactrim)

Can cause allergy, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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27
Q

Innate drug resistance

A

drug cannot get into the cell

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28
Q

Acquired drug resistance

A

bacteria has changed over time

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29
Q

What can PT do to prevent drug resistance

A

discourage antibiotic overuse,
finish the full course of antibiotics,
infection prevention and control protocols

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30
Q

what factors contribute to drug resistance?

A

misuse of antibiotics, international OTC antibiotics, antibiotics in livestock

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31
Q

Rehab considerations for antibiotics

A

patient education on compliance with medication dosage,

handwashing, PPE, disinfection equipment

32
Q

C. diff transmission and symptoms

A

contact, fecal to oral route (bacteria can survive 5 months in environment.
Symptoms: watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever

33
Q

C. diff occurs when ?

A

GI flora interrupted (broad-spectum antibiotics, chemo, immunosuppressive therapy)

34
Q

Enteric precautions for C. Diff

A

gloves, gown, chlorine-based cleaner, hand washing

35
Q

DDI with antibiotics

A

several classes cause significant interactions with other drugs
erythromycin and warfarin- increase bleeding risk

36
Q

antibiotics blood cell formation

A

inhibit RBC, WBC, platelet formation (increase bleeding risk)

37
Q

what drugs class increase dizziness or vertigo?

A

doxycycline, aminoglycosides, fluroquinolones

38
Q

What drug classes cause ototoxicity?

A

aminoglycosides and vancomycin

39
Q

box warning for hep A vaccine

A

thrombosis risk

40
Q

AE interferon Hep B

A

flu-like symptoms

41
Q

most common AE with direct acting antiviral (DDA)?

A

fatigue, weakness, headache

42
Q

what to watch out for when taking amiodarone and DAA

A

bradycardia

43
Q

What is HAART?

A

Combination therapy to increase efficacy and decrease resistance

44
Q

symptoms when taking antiviral meds

A

NVD, SJS, myalgia, arthralgia, tremors, sizures

45
Q

other potential manifistations of antiviral drugs

A

cardiac dysfunction, hyperglycemia, peripheral neuropathy

46
Q

Rehab concerns about antiviral drugs

A

exercise tolerance will be affected
interferon drugs may produce flu like symptoms
anemia
reduced max o2 uptake
viral load might increase during periods of intense exercise
prolong intense exercise impairs immune function

47
Q

class for nystatin

A

polyenes

48
Q

fluconazole and ketoconazole class

A

azoles

49
Q

what to watch out for when taking Azoles?

A

cyp interactions

50
Q

Which Hepatitis does not have a vaccine?

A

Hepatitis C

51
Q

Inactivated vaccine

A

Killed pathogen

Require multi-dose or booster

52
Q

subunit or conjugated vaccine

A

piece of the pathogen

may need booster

53
Q

live attenuated vaccine

A

weakened pathogen

lifelong for most

54
Q

toxoid vaccine

A

pathogen toxin instead of actual pathogen

may need booster

55
Q

which kind of vaccine shouldn’t take when immune compromised?

A

live attenuated

56
Q

Does vaccine immune response happen immediately?

A

no, it takes 2 weeks

57
Q

chemotherapy

A

drugs that inhibit growth and replication of cancer cells

58
Q

target therapy

A

damage caner cells by blocking specific genes or proteins

59
Q

immunotherapy

A

hormones and drugs that use the immune system to treat cancer

60
Q

oral chemotherapy precautions

A

wear gloves when touching laundry or body fluids
extra caution in pregnancy or planning pergnancy
look up the medication

61
Q

therapeutic concerns with chemo

A

falls, decrease cognition, peripheral neuropathy, impaired sensation, strength, and balance, cancer related fatigue

62
Q

Vancomycin drug class

A

Glycopeptides

63
Q

Gentamicin drug class

A

Aminoglycosides

64
Q

Azithromycin (z-pack) drug class

A

macrolides

65
Q

clindamycin drug class

A

Lincosamides

66
Q

Fluoroquinolones drug endings

A

-floxacin

67
Q

Innate resistance

A

drug itself cannot get into the cell

68
Q

acquired resistance

A

the bacteria has changed over time

69
Q

bacteriostatic

A

inhibit growth, require host immune system

not useful for someone with compromised immune system

70
Q

What antibiotic class are broad coverage

A

penicillians, Macrolides, Tetracylines, Sulfonamide

71
Q

TB drugs have potential AE in?

A

liver and kidney issues, visual disturbances, CN VIII damage, neurologic symtoms

72
Q

what cause secondary multidrug-resistant TB

A

noncomliance or received inadequate treatment

73
Q

HIV therapy is based on

A

previous treatment, reistance, genetic factors, HIV RNA count, CD4 coutnt

74
Q

Rehab concerns to HIV

A

opportunistic infections, neuromuscular problems

75
Q

2 types of Fungal Infections

A

superficial, systemic

76
Q

Azoles AE

A

arrhythmia, menstrual irregularities

pharm drugs (10 decks)

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