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Assessment > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four quadrants of the GI system

A

Right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ).

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2
Q

What is the one body part that goes through all four quadrants?

A

Intestines

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3
Q

Name the organs in the RUQ

A

Liver, gallbladder, duodenum, hepatic flexure of colon, pancreatic head, ascending/transverse colon, right kidney

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4
Q

Name the organs in the RLQ

A

Cecum, appendix, right ovary & fallopian tube, right ureter & spermadic cord

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5
Q

Name the organs in the LUQ

A

Stomach, spleen, body of pancreas, left kidney, splenic flexure of colon, transverse/descending colon

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6
Q

Name the organs in the LLQ

A

Descending and sigmoid colon, left ovary & fallopian tube, left ureter & spermadic cord

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7
Q

Bony landmarks on the anterior body include:

A

Xiphoid process of sternum, costal margin, midline, umbilicus, anterior iliac spine, superior margin of pubis

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8
Q

What is a good posterior landmark?

A

The costovertebral angle. This is the back version of the costal angle)

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9
Q

What is dysphasia?

A

Chewing or swallowing difficulties

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10
Q

When is dysphasia common?

A

Post-stroke

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11
Q

What is eructation?

A

Belching

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12
Q

What is pyrosis?

A

Heartburn

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13
Q

What are some problems that can happen with digestion?

A
  • Eructation (Belching)
  • Pyrosis (Heartburn)
  • Nausea with and without emesis
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14
Q

Characteristics of vomitus: What is usually happening when you see frank blood?

A

Usually related to esophageal bleeding

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15
Q

Characteristics of vomitus: What is usually happening when you see fecal matter?

A

This is rare, but can be from blockage

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16
Q

Characteristics of vomitus: What is usually happening when you see coffee ground looking material?

A

Usually with bleeding, acid in stomach

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17
Q

S/s of constipation:

A

Fecal matter is hard, small, < 3 x/week, difficult to pass

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18
Q

What can happen as a result of constipation?

A

hemorrhoids

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19
Q

Questions to ask about dentition and swallowing:

A
  • Do they have teeth? Do their dentures fit? Are the dentures theirs?
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20
Q

What does it mean to PQRST something in regards to pain?

A

P stands for palliative or precipitating factors, Q for quality of pain, R for region or radiation of pain, S for subjective descriptions of pain, and T for temporal nature of pain (the time the pain occurs).

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21
Q

What is referred pain?

A

Pain which manifests at a site distant from the actual pathology

22
Q

General tips for abdominal assessment:

A
  • The patient should have an empty bladder
  • The patient should be lying supine appropriately draped
  • The examination room must be quiet to perform adequate auscultation and percussion
  • Watch the patient’s face for signs of discomfort during the exam!
23
Q

The sequence of assessment is different for GI What is the correct sequence here?

A
  • Inspect
  • Auscultate
  • Percuss
  • Palpate
24
Q

What does scaphoid mean?

A

Concave (as in the shape of the stomach upon inspecition)

25
Q

What does protuberant mean?

A

Bulging (as in the shape of the stomach upon inspecition)

26
Q

Things to note with abdominal distention?

A
  • Note position of umbilicus
  • Note portion of abdomen that is distended
  • Reasons for distention: fat, flatus (gas), feces, fluid (ascites),fetus
27
Q

If the umbilicus is pushed out with distention, what might you suspect is the cause?

A

Fluid

28
Q

If the umbilicus is positioned inward with distention, what might you suspect is the cause?

A

Ascites

29
Q

What is Cullen’s sign?

A

Purple around umbilicus. High urgency. Some sort of bleeding.

30
Q

What causes spider angiomas ?

A

Common with liver disease, esp cirrhosis

31
Q

T/F It is normal to see pulsations with pale skin and a thin abdomen?

A

True

32
Q

If you see a mass, should you palpate or not palpate?

A

JUST SAY NO

33
Q

What is hematochezia?

A

Bleeding in the rectum, bright red.

34
Q

When fecal matter is tinged maroon/dark red, what might you suspect?

A

Bleeding in lower parts of the intestine

35
Q

When fecal matter is tinged red, what might you suspect?

A

Bleeding in the rectum (hematochezia )or occasionally from rapid or large amt of bleeding in GI tract

36
Q

When fecal matter is black, not sticky, and with no odor what might you suspect?

A

Iron or bismuth containing medications (Pepto Bismol)

37
Q

When fecal matter is black, tarry, and with foul odor what might you suspect?

A

RED FLAG. Bleeding in stomach or upper part of small intestine.

38
Q

What does melena refer to (with stool)?

A

Black stool

39
Q

When fecal matter is clay-colored and/or pale, what might you suspect?

A

Contains little or no bile – diseases or obstructions that cause obstruction of flow of bile to the intestines

40
Q

When fecal matter is yellow, greasy and with a foul smell , what might you suspect?

A

Presence of undigested fat – diseases pancreas (reduced enzymes to

41
Q

What is the main thing you want to check when you are assessing an ostomy?

A

The stoma

42
Q

T/F: The look of your stool will depend on the ostomy you have.

A

True

43
Q

What is hematemesis?

A

Vomiting of blood

44
Q

When auscultating the abdomen, where do you begin?

A

Start at ileocecal valve & continue clockwise using diaphragm

45
Q

How long should you spend in each quadrant?

A

15-20 seconds

46
Q

How many clicks/gurgles per minutes is normal?

A

5-34

47
Q

If you about to listen to bowel sounds on someone who has an NG tube, what should you do?

A

Turn off or pinch

48
Q

How long should you technically listen before documenting absent bowel sounds?

A

3-5 minutes

49
Q

What are you testing for when you ask the patient to turn to one side, then percuss from tympany to dullness; fluid will sink to lowest point.

A

Used with ascites: Testing for “shifting dullness,” ask patient to turn to one side, then percuss from tympany to dullness; fluid will sink to lowest point. “Positive for shifting dullness.”

50
Q

When assessing for a fluid wave how much fluid is needed to be present before this is detected?

A

Detected after >500 ml fluid accumulated

51
Q

What is the difference between tenderness and pain?

A
  • Tenderness is discomfort caused or increased by their examination (a sign)
  • Pain on the other hand, is something the patient tells you about as part of the history (a symptom)

Assessment (5 decks)

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