GI Flashcards
Which of the following anatomical locations does Crohn’s disease most commonly affect?
Crohn’s disease can occur in any part of the GI tract, mouth to anus. The distal ileum is the most common location affected by Crohn’s disease, occuring in up to 80% of patients. Thus, sigmoidoscopy should not be used in evaluation of these patients. Because bile salts are normally absorbed in the distal ileum, many patients with Crohn’s disease have a secretory diarrhea caused by passage of bile salts into the colon. Vitamin B12 deficiency is also common due to impaired absorption in the ileum.
3 types of adenomatous colon polyps
Adenomatous polyps are neoplastic lesions, and while benign, they are direct precursors of adenocarcinoma. These lesions can be either pedunculated or sessile. Adenomas can divided into 3 subtypes based upon histology: 1) tubular, 2) tubulovillous, and 3) villous. Villous adenomas are of particular concern primarily because of their risk of malignant transformation (15-25% overall, and higher if their size is >2 cm).
Intussusception - triad of symptoms
Intussusception is a process in which a segment of intestine invaginates into the adjoining intestinal lumen, causing bowel obstruction. The classic triad of abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools (often described as “currant jelly”) occurs in only one-third of patients. Ultrasonosgraphy shows a target or doughnut sign. Non-operative reduction with the use of therapeutic enemas is preferred in young children.
Pyloric stenosis symptoms
Pyloric stenosis is most common in infants between 4-8 weeks of age. The stenosis causes gastric outlet obstruction. The infant presents with vomiting, often projectile, and often non-bilious. The child is often hungry, but unable to keep food in his stomach. Phsyical examination can show visible persistalsis, and a palpable pyloric mass descrobed as a “palpable olive.
Role of K in Ileus
Keep K greater than for. K needed for smooth muscle contraction
