Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physio > GI 1 > Flashcards

GI 1 Flashcards

(109 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

inhibitory hormones for small bowel peristalsis

A

secretin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

caused by intense irritation of intestinal mucosa; involves ANS, brainstem, myenteric plexus (long distances of small bowel covered in minutes)

A

peristaltic rush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stimulates gastric acid secretion and gastric mucosal growth

A

gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mediates feedback control of ileocecal sphincter (intensifies when cecum is distended)

A

myenteric plexus and prevertebral symp ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what pyrloic glands secrete

A

mucous and gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

colonoileal reflex is important for this

A

inhibits ileal release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what Ach stimulates secretion of

A

pepsinogen, HCl, mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how much bile salts produced per day

A

6 gm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sympathetic inhibits or activates mucous protection/secretion?

A

inhibits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

frequency of normal small bowel contractions (less than this number typically)

A

12/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

intensifies peristalsis in ileum (immediately after meal), empties ileal contents into cecum

A

gastroileal reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where most bile salts are reabsorbed

A

terminal ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where secretin is produced

A

S cells duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

occurs during distension of small bowel, acid in upper small bowel, protein breakdown products, or irritation of mucosa (inhibits gastric secretion)

A

reverse enterogastric reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

actually excite the muscle contraction; complex interactions among SMC and interstitial cells of Cajal

A

spike wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in proximal duodenum…part of small bowel secretion

A

Brunner’s glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pits in small intestine (line surface area)

A

crypts of lieberkuhn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

works to neutralize the HCl emptied into the duodenum from the stomach

A

HCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

amount of bile produced per day

A

600-1000 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ions present in saliva

A

K, bicarbonate, Na, Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

responsible for bile acid secretion

A

secretin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GI glands release this for vasodilation

A

kallidin and bradykinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

small bowel digestive enzymes (6)

A

peptidase, sucrase, maltase, isomaltase, lactase, intestinal lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

absorbed at terminal ileum

A

bile acids and folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
released by parasym...excites secretion of pepsinogen, HCl, and mucous
acetylcholine
16
where cholecystokinen is produced
I cells duodenum/jejunum
16
enteric NS plexus located between longitudinal and circular muscle layers
myenteric/Auerbach's plexus
17
cranial nerves that transmit information from reticular substance medulla/pons for swallowing
V, IX, X, XII
18
three stages of swallowing
voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal
18
enzyme that splits fatty acid from phospholipids (pancreatic secretion)
phospholipase
18
what temporarily stores 1/2 to 3/4 of nutrients
liver sinusoids
19
what makes up most gallstones
cholesterol
20
branch of NS that promotes propulsion
parasym
21
hormones that act as vasodilator substances to increase splanchnic blood flow (4)
CCK vasoactive intestinal peptide gastrin secretin
22
where enterochromaffin like cells located
in the recesses of oxyntic glands (or fundic/gastric glands)
23
inhibits gastric acid secretion in duodenum; promote pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate (to neutralize acid)
secretin
25
what intrinsic factor is necessary for (activated by HCl)
absorption B12
26
how much HCl per L of gastric juice
160 mmol
26
final secretion from canaliculus includes these substances
water, HCl, KCl, NaCl
27
what ptyalin digests
starch
27
what tubular glands secrete (in stomach and upper duodenum)
pepsinogen and acid
28
how long mass movements usually persist
10-30 min
29
where gastrin is released
G cells
31
where tubular glands are located
stomach and upper duodenum
33
amount of chyme that empties into cecum per day
1500-2000 mL
34
transmits wave of relaxation preceding peristalsis
myenteric inhibitory neurons
36
from stomach and colon..inhibits gastric motility and secretion
enterogastric reflex
37
remove bacteria and harmful matter from splanchnic circulation
reticuloendothelial cells
38
promotes UGI motility
motilin
39
inhibits increased stomach motility caused by gastrin
CCK
39
principal glands for salivation
parotid, submandibular, sublingual, buccal
40
micelles of bile salts aid in absorption of these
fatty acids, monoglycerides, cholesterol, other lipids
41
calories consumer per liter of gastric juice produced
1500
43
cells that make up oxyntic gastric glands
mucous neck cells, peptic/chief cells, parietal/oxyntic cells
45
what oxyntic glands secrete
HCl, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, mucus
46
stimulate pancreatic digestive enzymes
Ach and CCK
48
stimulates gallbladder emptying; inhibits gastric contraction; and possibly inhibits hunger (respond to fats, FA, monoglycerides)
CCK
49
factors in the saliva that destroy bacteria
thiocyanate ions, proteolytic enzymes/lysozyme
50
reflex involved in gastric phase of gastric secretion
vasovagal
52
function of proximal colon
absorption of water and electrolytes
53
drug that will weaken segmented contractions (by blocking excitatory activity of enteric NS)
atropine
54
located between the intestinal vili; contain goblet cells and enterocytes
Crypts of Lieberkuhn
55
where H. pylori is typically located
antrum
56
what goblet cells secret in Crypts of Lieberkuhn
mucus
58
small bowel digestive enzyme important for splitting neutral fats into glycerol and FA
lipase
58
enteric NS plexus that controls GI movements; increased tone, intensity of contraction, rate of rhythm, velocity of conduction
myenteric
60
slow closing/opening channels in GI muscle fibers responsible for action potentials
Ca/Na channel
62
important in "mass movements"; 20 cm distal to this point lose haustrations and contract as one unit, propelling feces (lasts 30 sec...relax for 2-3 min)
constrictive ring
63
what produces gastrin?
G cells (in antrum of stomach)
64
intraluminal pressure of lower esophagus
30 mmHg
66
inhibits gastric motility; stimulates secretion of insulin by the pancreas
GIP
67
enteric NS plexus located in submucosa; receives signals about what should be done
submucosal/Meissner's
68
hormones that inhibit gastric secretion
secretin, gastric inhibitory factor, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin
70
3 routs that food in duodenum increases pyloric sphincter tone
enteric NS, extrinsic n to prevertebral ganglia, vagus/brainstem
71
where sensory nerve endings in GI epithelium send their afferent fibers
enteric plexuses, prevertebral ganglia sympathetic, spinal cord, vagus nerves
72
direct release of HCl is directly dependent on the amount of this secreted
histamine
73
enteric NS plexus that controls GI secretion and local blood flow; intestinal secretion, absorption, contraction that causes infolding of mucosa
submucosal
75
length of primary peristalsis
6-10 sec
76
splits small peptides into amino acids (small bowel digestive enzyme)
peptidase
78
performs hydrolysis of cholesterol esters (pancreatic secretion)
cholesterol esterase
79
hormone that reduces blood flow to splanchnic system
somatostatin
80
GI hormone that is important in small bowel secretion
secretin
81
function of distal colon
storage fecal matter
82
strongly stimulate secretion of acid by parietal cells
gastrin and histamine
84
activates trypsin; secreted by intestinal mucosa when exposed to chyme
enterokinase
85
NS responsible for reverse enterogastric reflex
myenteric NS, extrinsic sym and vagus
86
cells that secrete histamine
enterochromaffin-like cells
87
most potent emptying of gallbladder
CCK
88
protein present in mucus secretion (lubricates and protects surface)
mucin
89
enzyme that catalyzes conversion of OH- to form CO2
carbonic anhydrase
90
reflexes that facilitate mass movements
gastrocolic and duodenocolic
91
what parietal cells secrete
HCl
92
pH of stomach due to HCl acid secretion
0.8
94
rate of movement for small bowel peristalsis (3-5 hours transit)
1 cm/min
95
fluid and dissolved substances are absorbed until this amount of feces are expelled (important for diagnosis diarrhea)
80-200 mL
96
usual stimulus for intestinal peristalis
distension of gut
97
threshold for spike wave
-40
98
length of GI spike (time)...10-40x longer than nerve fiber; 1-10 spikes per second
10-20 msec
99
more abundant form of gastrin
G17
100
enzyme that hydrolyzes neutral fat into fatty acids and monoglycerides (pancreatic secretion)
pancreatic lipase
101
sensory cranial nerves involved in initiating pharyngeal stage of swallowing
V and IX
102
stimulates secretion of histamine
gastrin
103
stimulates gastric HCl secretion
gastrin
104
reflex for evacuation
gastrocolic reflex
105
alpha-amylase that is present in serous secretion
ptyalin
106
cells in crypts of Lieberkuhn that secrete water and electrolytes; also absorb water, electrolytes, nutrients
enterocytes
107
where motilin is secreted (during fasting)
stomach and duodenum
108
regulates small intestine secretion (NS)
local enteric nervous reflexes
109
what pancreatic amylase breaks down
starch, glycogen, CHO

Physio (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions