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UE biomechanics > GH > Flashcards

GH Flashcards

1
Q

shoulder girdle is made up of what 3 articulations

A

GH jt.
scapulothoracic articulation
Sternoclavicular jt
acromioclavicular jt.

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2
Q

AC joint classifications

A

amphiarthrodial and syndesmosis

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3
Q

arthrodial joint classification

A

plain jt

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4
Q

condyloid jt classification

A

ellipsoidal jt such as the knuckles

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5
Q

enarthrodial is also known as

A

ball and socket

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6
Q

ginglymus is also known as the

A

hinge joint, such as the elbow

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7
Q

sellar/saddle joint example

A

SC and thumb

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8
Q

Trochoid jt is also known as

A

pivot joint such as the radioulnar jt

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9
Q

GH joint classification

A

enarthrodial

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10
Q

what shoulder muscles insert onto the greater tubercle

A

supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor

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11
Q

what muscle of the SITS insert on the lesser tubercle

A

subscapularis

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12
Q

head of the humerous faces ___ deg. superiorly

A

45

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13
Q

the head of the humerus faces ___ deg. posteriorly

A

30 to the coronal plane

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14
Q

when is the GH joint most stable

A

when the superior head contacts the fossa at a 90 deg abduction

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15
Q

most stable means the GH is what?

A

in closed packed position and ligaments are taught

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16
Q

the trade off for lack of greater deg. of motion is

A

lack of stability

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17
Q

what is the closed packed position of the GH?

A

full abduction and ER

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18
Q

what is the open packed position of the GH?

A

55 deg. of abd and 30 deg. horizontal adduction

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19
Q

AC and SC Jt. closed packed postion

A

90 deg. of arm abduction and elevation

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20
Q

AC and SC open packed position

A

at rest

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21
Q

Glenohumeral Fossa contains what to help with stability

A

the labrum

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22
Q

if glenoid labrum s injured what happens the the stability of the shoulder

A

it will decrease

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23
Q

what muscle tendon inserts onto the labrum

A

the long head of the biceps brachi

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24
Q

what is the # 1 joint of the body to dislocate

A

the GH

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25
Q

if supraspinatous mm. is injured what will happen to the subacromial outlet space

A

it will decrease in space

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26
Q

what are the boundaries of the Subacromial outlet space

A

head of the humerus , acromium, and the coracoacromial ligament

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27
Q

what is the movement of the GH joint in the z axis and coronal plane?

A

abduction and adduction

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28
Q

what is the movement of the GH joint in the sagittal plane in the X axis?

A

flexion and extension

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29
Q

what is the movement of the GH joint in the transvers plane and the Y axis

A

horizontal extension and flexion

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30
Q

shoulder ROM is dependent on the interaction between what structures?

A

thorax
scapula
humerus
clavical

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31
Q

AROM asses what

A

muscular, joint and ligament integrity

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32
Q

Passive ROM asses

A

ligament, joint, capsule integrity

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33
Q

RROM tests

A

muscular inegrity

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34
Q

isometric excercise means?

A

no change in angle

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35
Q

isotonic exercise means what?

A

change in angle

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36
Q

what is a grade 1 of a ligament tear?

A

slight tearing present

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37
Q

Grade 2 of ligament tear

A

partial tear with slight gapping

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38
Q

grade 3 of ligament tear

A

complete tearing of fibers with moderate gapping of the joint

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39
Q

sprain vs a strain

A

sprain is a ligament

while a strain is a muscle

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40
Q

what is a passive structure that is tested

A

cartilage

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41
Q

what is an active structure that is test for a Dx.

A

muscle

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42
Q

what is a bony structure that is tested for a Dx.?

A

joint

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43
Q

what are some causes of abnormal ROM?

A

alteration, adhesion, or damage to bone, ligaments or muscles.
pain
and
loss of nerve function

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44
Q

when is P. felt in AROM with arthritis?

A

at limit

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45
Q

when is P. felt in PROM with arthritis?

A

at the limit

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46
Q

when is P. felt in RROM with arthritis?

A

painless within limit

may be weak

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47
Q

when is P. felt in AROM with sprain?

A

decrease of movement due to P.

but if sprain is old there will be an increase in AROM

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48
Q

when is P. felt in PROM with sprain?

A

painful at stability change

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49
Q

when is P. felt in RROM with sprain?

A

Grade 1-2 has P

Grade 3 has no P but has weakness

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50
Q

when is P. felt in AROM with strain?

A

P at the midrange

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51
Q

when is P. felt in PROM with strain?

A

P only at the stretch/ end range

52
Q

when is P. felt in RROM with strain?

A

painful and weak

53
Q

if pt. comes in and they say that it hurt at first but not anymore what kind of injury does it indicate?

A

a sprain of a ligament

probably a grade 3

54
Q

Degress of FLexion in the shoulder?

A

180

55
Q

deg. of extension in the shoulder

A

50

56
Q

reference position for flexion and extension of the shohlder

A

arm by side with thumb pointing forward

57
Q

deg. of shoulder abduction

A

180

58
Q

deg. of shoulder adduction

A

same as horizontal adduction

59
Q

with AROM give the 3 phases of the shoulder abduction?

A

0-60 > GH
60-120 > GH +scapule motion
120-180 > GH + scap + spine

60
Q

during flexion where does the humeral head go in regards to the ICR?

A

inferior

61
Q

during axial rotation where is the ICR?

A

the middle

62
Q

during abduction 0-50 deg. where is the ICR?

A

inferior medial aspect

63
Q

during abduction 50-70/80 deg. where is the ICR?

A

superior portion of ICR

64
Q

when should the humeral head drop superiorly to inferiorly during abduction?

A

between 80-90 deg. as it approaches horizontal

65
Q

you do not want to loose more than how many mm in the subacromial outlet space?

A

1.5

66
Q

which muscle of the shoulder is mostly responsible for the first motion of abduction and then which muscle takes over?

A

first he supraspinatus is responsible for abduction than it is the deltoid.
specifically the posterior deltoid

67
Q

reference position for abduction and adduction?

A

thumb should be pointing to the side away from you with arm to the side of your body

68
Q

the deg. of IR for the GH?

A

45

69
Q

the deg. of ER for GH?

A

100-110 with regular reference point

70
Q

start position for IR

A

elbow flexed at 90 and arm abducted at 90 with palm down

71
Q

start positions for ER

A

same as IR
OR
start with thumb up and elbow flexed at 90 deg. and reference point

72
Q

with the law if inverse muscular action what is being said

A

with elbow at the side of the body the ligament become taught leading to a decrease in ER

73
Q

reference point for horizontal movement?

A

arm abducted and palm up

74
Q

deg of horizontal flex/add

A

140

75
Q

deg of horizontal ext/abd

A

30

76
Q

what motion of the GH uses maximal range within 3 axes?

A

circumduction

77
Q

if painful arc is in sagittal place what muscle is responsible

A

biceps brachi

78
Q

if painful arc is in the coronal plane what muscle is injurred?

A

suraspinatus

79
Q

if pt. has P. at end range of in coronal plane what should you inspect further??

A

the AC joint

80
Q

where should N soft tissue aprox. occur?

A

horizontal flexion

81
Q

when should you feel capsuler end feel of the shoulder?

A

ER

82
Q

when should you feel a boney end feel in the shoulder?

A

at abduction

83
Q

where do the GH ligaments attach to?

A

lesser tubercle

84
Q

when do the GH ligaments become taught?

A

with ER

85
Q

superior GHL is tight when and resrains what kind of dislocation?

A

adduction is when the superior is tight and it prevents inferior dislocation

86
Q

the middle GHL is tight when? and resrains what kind of dislocation

A

abduction

anterior dislocation

87
Q

inferior GHL is taught when?

the inferior prevents what kind of dislocation?

A

taught in abduction and prevents anterior inferior dislocation

88
Q

anterior inferior dislocation is also known as

A

subcoracoid dislocation

89
Q

is the inferior GHL more loose in reference position of scapular?

A

scapular

90
Q

which ligament sits on top of the bicep tendon?

A

the coracohumeral lig.

91
Q

the anterior band of the coracohumeral L. attaches where?

A

lesser tubercle

92
Q

when is the anterior band of the coracohumeral L taught

A

extension at 30

93
Q

where does the posterio band of the coracohumeral band insert?

A

the greater tubercle

94
Q

when does the posterior band of the coracohumeral band become taught?

A

in 60-70 deg. of flexion

95
Q

which of the coracohumeral bands prevents the long head of the biceps subluxation medially?

A

the posterior

96
Q

the coracoacromial lig. forms what?

A

acromial arch

97
Q

common injuries to subacromial outlet

A

shoulder impingment
RTC syndrome
and jumping shoulder

98
Q

Jumping should indicates what has happened?

A

tear of the labrum

99
Q

definition of instability

A

functional complaint that occurs in an individual with or without laxity of lig.

100
Q

definition of laxity

A

looseness secondary to repetitive, overstretching, traumatic over-stretching or genetics

101
Q

what does the concavity of the GH have to do with shoulder motion?

A

degree of translation in the GH, and ligamentous integrity

102
Q

what is the foramen of weitbretch

A

between the superior and medial ligaments

103
Q

what is the rouviere

A

between the medial and inferior lig.

104
Q

what is beightons?

A 
tests for hypermobility:
thumb --> forearm
pinky --> extend beyond 90
elbow hyperextended
genu recovatum
palms touch floor with forward flexion
105
Q

if a Pt. has 4+ in Beightons tests what does that indicate?

A

hypermobility

106
Q

AMBRI stands for

A 
atraumatic
multidirectional
bilateral
rehab helps
inferior capsule stabilized
107
Q

TUBS stands for

A

traumatice
unilateral
bankart lesion - ant –> inferior
surgical

108
Q

does the long head of biceps tendon lie under of above the labrum?

A

above

109
Q

what pushes the humeral head against the cavity during abduction

A

the tendon of the long head of biceps

110
Q

if the long head of biceps ruptures what will occur?

A

20% drop in abduction strength

111
Q

when if the GH most efficient?

A

when GH is in slight abduction and external rotation / scaption

112
Q

when the bicipital groove slip what direction does it go?

A

toward the angle of the lesser tubercle wall

113
Q

when transverse ligament is torn what happens?

A

the bicep tendon will slip

114
Q

to help slipped tendon which direction should you pull it?

A

the opposite way of slippage

115
Q

what are some labral tears?

A

SLAP
BANKHART
bennet

116
Q

SLAP tear stand for what

A

superior labral tear going A–>P

117
Q

when does a SLAP occur?

A

with violent concentric contraction of eccentric contraction.

118
Q

Bankhart lesion is what kind of tear>

A

anterior to inferior

119
Q

Bennet is what kind of tear

A

2ry to a deceleration arm

120
Q

subacromial bursa sits between what 2 muscles?

A

deltoid and the supraspinatus

121
Q

what is the most common shoulder injury with throwing sport?

A

GIRD

122
Q

what does GIRD stand for>

A

GH internal rotation def.

123
Q

to DX. GIRD what do you do?

A

compare the IR and ER on each side and if there is a 10% difference than there is GIRD present

124
Q

freezing stage of froozen shoulder is also known as

A

adhesive capsulitis

125
Q

the frozen stage of frozen shoulder can last how long?

A

6 mos

126
Q

thawing stage of frozen shoulder can last how long?

A

1 y

127
Q

Pt. with frozen shoulder will present how?

A

with a decrease in external rotation and secondary abduction by 25%

UE biomechanics (2 decks)

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