GG Revision Flashcards
Which of the following is not evidence for the plate tectonic theory?
A. Jigsaw Fit
B. Fossil Evidence
C. Volcanoes
D. Convection Currents
C. Volcanoes
Explain why earthquakes and volcanoes occur at these boundaries (e.g: destructive)?
As the oceanic plate descends under continental plate (1) tension forms due to pressure (1) and energy is suddenly released as shockwaves. (1)
At the subduction zone, friction causes the oceanic plate to melt (1) and pressure rises, forcing the magma to rise upwards as a volcano. (1)
Define epicentre:
The point on the earth’s surface directly (vertically) above the focus of an earthquake.
Define focus:
The point in the earth’s crust where the earthquake happens.
Explain why the impacts from the Haiti earthquake were so devastating for the people?
- *Level 1 (1-2): basic ideas and description of the impacts ‘People died, houses destroyed, people couldn’t go to work.’
- Level 2 (3-4): a developed idea which explains why these impacts arose and caused such problems ‘xx people died in the disaster which is particularly bad, mainly they died by buildings collapsing.’*
Key Points to Remember:
- Approximately 220,000 people were killed; 300,000 injured.
- Poverty levels have risen; more than 80% of the population live on less than a dollar daily (85p).
- Over 2 million Haitians are left without food and water.
- 8 hospitals in Port au Prince collapsed or were badly damaged. Many government buildings were also destroyed.
- Around 100,000 houses were destroyed; 200,000 were damaged in Port au Prince and surrounding area.
- The Port-au-Prince prison was also destroyed; around 4,000 inmates to escape.
- The trapped, dead bodies under buldings created a hazard in the warm/wet conditions; disease rapidly spread; mass graves built.
- Looting (stealing from abandoned buildings) became a problem; crime levels rose.
- Damage on roads and port lead to difficulty when delivering aid supplies; long-term reconstruction.
- 80% of schools destroyed in Port-Au-Prince.
- Many moved into tents/temporary shelters; Cholera spread due to dirty water.
- 1.3M displaced and homeless.
Explain one short term response to the Haiti earthquake?
Example:
Temporary shelters were provided, by the International Organization for Migration, to help the people who had lost their homes, and this allowed the provision for, at the very least, residence, security and dignity for earthquake victims.
Which of these facts are false about the Indian Ocean tsunami?
a. It occurred on 26th December 2004.
b. Water moved slowly at 100mph.
c. There was no warning system in place.
d. The Indonesian island of Sumatra was worst affected.
The false statement is b.
The water moved at 500mph.
Explain how an earthquake trigged the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004.
The Indo Australian plate was subducted under the Eurasian plate which created an earthquake under the ocean that caused water to be displaced. The water is forced upwards and the energy spreads out, and the waves get bigger the closer they get to land.
Which of these statements do not make up the definition for sustainability?
a. needs to be balanced between social, economic and environmental
b. must meet the needs of the future population
c. needs to be short term
d. cannot impact current population negatively
C is not needed for sustainability’s definition.
Definition of Sustainability:
The ability to maintain or support a process continuously over time, which must meet the needs of the future population, without a negative impact on the current population, and must be balanced between social, economic and environmental impacts.
Explain how nuclear energy can be described as both sustainable and unsustainable.
Sustainable: It doesn’t require fossil fuels to create, and therefore is more green and doesn’t emit as much CO2.
Unsustainable: It is non-renewable and cannot be reused for energy creation; it must be carefully disposed of, which can cause environmental damage.
Give two environmental impacts of the Chernobyl disaster.
- Loss and destruction of habitats.
- Radiation levels increased in the atmosphere.
What is the defenition of a superpower nation?
A superpower is an extremely powerful country, especially one capable of influencing international events and the acts and policies of less powerful countries. Its power can be felt all over the world.
What do BRIC and MINT stand for?
BRIC = Brazil, Russia, India, China
MINT = Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey
At its largest the British empire was described as ‘The Empire on which the sun never sets’.
Explain why.
As the British Empire held so many territories around the world, it would have crossed many time zones, so the sun was always shining somewhere in the British Empire.
Explain how the Second World War and Indian Independence contributed to the fall of the British Empire.
- The Second World War: Britain was no longer ruler of the world, and the USA and Russia (USSR) had more nuclear weapons, a larger population, and more money than the British Empire.
- Indian Independence: India was the largest, most profitable British colony, and when India gained independence in 1947, they took the population and wealth back and influenced other colonies to show what they could do to gain freedom.
